This was discussed
here before, see my post 415 in the Rogers thread. My post quotes another poster who provided the link to an article documenting the effect, and discusses the article.
Briefly, the test is based on mirror image enantiomers. The two molecules are structurally identical, but mirror images of each other. One of the enantiomers is metabolized faster than the other, hence what is remaining in the body is enriched in the other, slower-metabolized form. Thus CB from an animal injected with the drug has a different ratio of the enantiomers than synthetic CB right out of the lab.
However, there can be a lot of false negatives, because if the animal was injected with CB not long before slaughter, there hasn’t been enough time for a significant change in the enantiomer ratio. I think it has to be about a week.In countries where testing is taken seriously, farmers will allow time for the CB to clear from the system before slaughter, so any CB present in the meat is likely to have a significantly altered ratio. But in places like Mexico and China, it may be that CB is given right up to slaughter, to maximize the effect on the meat.
Edit: Sorry, false positives, i.e., CB in meat from animals killed soon after injection will have properties like CB from the lab. So the test is only good for showing that some athletes definitely got CB from meat, but can't distinguish athletes who doped from those who might have eaten meat from animals with recently injected CB. It's a great test from the athlete's point of view, because it may clear him, but can never show definitively that he took CB intentionally.