sniper said:
sniper said:
however, recall that in 2009 AICAR ampulles were found
during the TdF, so it was most probably being used in-competition (which doesn't necessarily mean that that is a sensible thing to do, but at least some riders apparently thought it was)
This is where a lot of doping forum talk really is pseudo-science. The pharmacology of doping is incredibly complex: EPO vs. EPO and HGH isn't just the effects of EPO + the effects of HGH. Insulin by itself can be dangerous, but its interaction with other drugs is its purpose. Even benign supplements like iron and it's absorption are hugely affected by vitamin C, and whether it's with a meal. None of us, neither the riders or DS's or owners,
really know how their doping program works. The docs have some idea, but even for them it is just more educated guesswork.
It is incredibly complex, and for sure not something to find out browsing pubmed and wikipedia.
Maybe a little of topic, but it is crazy to me the way doping science has evolved, and knowledge acquired, purely by backroom trial and error. It is typical, that athletes and coaches will learn what works faster than any research institute or publication. Always has been; athletes build the best habits by intuition, that are only later explained by science. (And one reason why Sky's marginal-gain-science-guruism is so infuriating. Sport has never never been led by theory and science, only by experience. But that's an even bigger digression...)
As for AICAR, I'm sure the same mechanics are at play. Everybody and their roommate tries it in different dosages, with different combos of other drugs, and sees how everyone responds. Some will respond well, and then riders start to mimic his approach. Some get sick or perform terribly, and the rest of his circle know what to avoid.
IC, OOC, all just part of the trial and error.