Since this comes up regularly at my shop and anywhere else cyclist congregate, I created a graphic (using my leet Paint skills
) to help explain how precession works in bearing systems, specifically for a left pedal in this case.
To keep the explanation as to why a loose pedal spindle unthreads itself as simple as possible, I'm going to break it down into sections.
-As you can see, the direction of travel of the surface of the bearing, where it contacts the spindle, is the same as the direction one would turn the spindle to tighten it into the crank arm, which is why precession is
not the reason a loose spindle unthreads itself while pedaling. If it has any effect at all it will be to
tighten the spindle.
-It is true that if the pedal spindle were to "lock up" and stop rotating, it would unthread itself. This is essentially what happens when you remove a pedal: You temporarily "lock" the spindle to the pedal body with the pedal wrench and turn the cranks forward, in the same direction as when riding the bike, and the spindle unthreads from the crank arm.
-As long as there is no significant friction in the bearing system, the spindle will stay where it is, even if it isn't tight. The problem is that rarely are bearing systems perfect, they all have some friction to varying degrees due to wear, contamination, and lack of lubricant. If enough friction is present it has the effect of "locking" the spindle to the pedal body for minute amounts of time and will eventually cause the spindle to unthread.
In the case of Sven Nys' pedal, it's the middle of the season and he has likely used those pedals a few times in mud, sand, and who knows what else that could cause some contamination of the bearings, not to mention the pedals have been power washed multiple times which could blast some of the grease out of them. Also, the race where he lost the pedal was in below freezing temperatures, so it's likely that the grease in the bearings was stiffer than normal from the cold, exacerbating the problem of contamination. Finally, it's possible that his mechanic installed the pedals finger-tight while preparing the bikes for that day and never went back to snug them down, or maybe he just missed the one (I'm speculating here, but even at the pro level these things happen occasionally). All of which adds up to the pedal working its way loose and falling off.
Fortunately Sven was able to keep himself upright and it was at the end of the race, so it wasn't too big of a deal. Imagine what could have happened had he been bunny-hopping barriers or climbing the Kwaremont when it came loose
. Assuming the pedal wasn't tight, I guarantee you that his mechanic will never make the same mistake again!