To be fair, that podium was anything but remarkable (age aside), it took place on a shitty parcours (compared to that of the Vuelta 2023 for example) and in a very favorable context, Roglic out of shape and crashing out (also Simon Y. out) , Almeida with health problems I think, as always in the Vuelta... His only serious rivals who could finish were Remco and Mas and they were much better. Not to mention that in the stage that Roglic won in the first week, if someone would have push the pace of the group harder in the Herrera climb Ayuso would have lost a lot of time, he was completely at the limit but nobody cared at that time.
For me there is no doubt that in terms of physical condition he was somewhat better the following year, but the competition and the course were much tougher, and I already said at that time that maybe he wouldn´t match the expectations in term of results despite being stronger. I would also say that in the spring race of this year he was clearly better than in that Vuelta podium.
Even so, it is true that compared to others he has made little progress, but in Spain I doubt that this surprises anyone, it has always been said that he was very optimized since he was a teenager.