Bio passport in a nutshell.
Flagged or random go to an individual expert, coded to be anonymous
He/she looks at it and says OK, or needs further study.
If needs further study, goes to a panel of 3. All of whom needs at agree it deserves further attention.
At that point, they get details of riders race program, maybe any injuries etc, to see if that explains it. If they agree to go further, the rider is written to asking if they can explain whats going on.
After seeing the explanation offered (if any), the three again have to unanimously agree there is a case to answer, at this point a doping case is opened by the relevant body.
A 2:1 majority means no case
(JTL's was technically opened by British cycling on behalf of the UCI, but UKAD were the ones doing it all, as they manage all anti-doping activities for BC)
It pretty much has to be very blatant to get a case opened.
Brad and JV released a subset of his blood profile after the 2009 tour.
(4 points in 2008, 4 points around the Giro and 4 points from the tour time frame)
There was a fair amount of discussion at the time, and again after JV released a similar snapshot for Ryder after his Giro win.