“If you look at the 2008 WADA Prohibited List, you will find a category named ‘Substances and Methods Prohibited In-Competition’ (i.e. only in-competition),” he wrote. “Cocaine is in section S. 6 Stimulants. Therefore, cocaine is not prohibited when detected out-of-competition.”
Some may recall the 2002 suspension of German Jan Ullrich, who was banned for six months after a similar out-of-competition test, which showed traces of the drug ecstasy and amphetamine. WADA has only been fully in control of the international banned substances list since 2004 and Ullrich was suspended under the rules of the German Cycling Federation.
“The World Anti-Doping Code came into force on January 1, 2004,” noted Donze, “at the same time as the first annual Prohibited List prepared by WADA and the other International Standard developed by WADA.”