Cobblestones said:
The main strategic reason for the US is likely that Libya's population is very tribalized (think of Somalia, Afghanistan and parts of ****stan). Now, if the strong central government fails, Libya might devolve into what Somalia is today, including a haven for all kinds of extremists of one kind or another as well as terrorists.
You're right about the Europeans who mostly fear illegal immigration.
For both US and Europe, a steady supply of oil is also a very high priority.
Anyway, all of that made the perception of Ghaddafi's regime change over the years from Lockerbie to where it was just a few days ago.
Sadly, Ghaddafi has support among some of the tribes which have benefitted from his rule and the oil money. Not so much in the east (Benghazi, Cyrenaica), but certainly around Tripolis. He might be able to hold on to power for quite some time in regions of the country which can be considered his home turf.
Certainly the tribal and Islamic fundamentalist movements have played a decisive role in those areas you mentioned and we can't always chalk it up to a Mossadeq that was knocked off with the help of the CIA, although our foreign policy in the regions has always been primarily about our best interests assisted by force and not those of the locals that were brutalized by it, while this has certainly fomented (not taken oxygen from) the extremists causes. And this, of course, goes back to European neo-colonialism of the 19th century, the aftermath of which produced the sectarian and divided up map of today from the Maghreb to India-****stan, while setting up a rebus of local conflicts and private gains that has never been resolved and that has resulted in the rather unwieldy and volatile situation we presently have.
In any case within the Mediterranean region there are too many special interests, too much social diversity, too much hot blood, too much history compressed in too little space to escape the fact that, periodically, the waters begin to boil. The reasons are many and apparently the most varied, from the ancient duel for supreme power in the region between Rome and Carthage, to the subsequent sweeping campaigns of the Arab "sultans" and "emirates" that gobbled up the whole North African coast from the north of Palestine to the Atlantic, yet the deeper, underlying cause has always been the same: the instability of a sea which doesn't divide, but unites, two continents and today threatens to suck the entire globe into its gorge. It was here, for example, in 1801 that the US for the first time sent its fleet beyond the Atlantic waters to put a stop to the "barbarian" (though really "Berber") pirates under the control of the of the Sultans of Morocco and of Tripolitania (once part of the Phoenician kingdom, then Cyreniaca of the Roman "mare nostrum," before becoming part of Bizans and then the Ottoman Empire, the "Berber Coast", Tripolitana, today Libia). Not even the conflict between East and West, after the end of the all out war between the Axis and Allied powers, was able to chill the Mediterranean waters, between the Algerian rebellions, the anglo-french bombardments of Nassar's Egypt while the Israeli army advanced toward Sinai, to the reciprocal monitoring presence of Soviet and US nuclear submarines. All the while every dominating power, from Rome, to Bizans, to Spain, France, Great Britain and America had believed that its hold over the region would be permanent.
But to return to Gaddafi and North Africa...It has become all too evident, now, that which before was merely intuitable: the local despots, of various prestige and diverse gradations of prepotency, have been in power over the past decades in considerable part because it was convenient to Europe and the US, the former also in terms of a security threat. They survived to protect the Europeans from the "Islamic danger" in its two distinct forms: namely, its religious phantom and its migration en mass, which coincided with the classic xenophobia that sees ships full of jihadists sailing toward Europe's coasts like the Saracens of old.
The islamic phantom does exist as does the en mass migration, which isn't a phantom at all, but a dilemma made up of human flesh and international territory. But what the Europeans and Americans didn't foresee, however, is that there also exists Arabic peoples, many millions of human beings that (in their homelands) have simply realized that they don't want to be poor and subjugated any longer. To have overlooked and under-considered their existence, their rights, their capacity to self-determination has been (let's hope) the last vestiges of a euro-centric racism (with full compliance from a rather cynical and self-serving US government - look at the case of Mubarak), which when it speaks of the "arab masses" imagined a disinherited and under-civilized flock (or perhaps a pack of stray dogs portrays the sentiment more accurately) that understands much better the beating stick than the biscuit treat. Yet now that flock has its own human faces, own voice, its own dead. It desires to overthrow brutal and unjust governments and expel tyrants. We in the West are so worried about "our" future, so as to be incapable of comprehending that it's actually about
theirs that one is speaking now.
The sooner our leaders understand this, the sooner the possibility of resolving both our fears and their problems becomes a more likely scenario. Certainly a stronger chance than anchoring ourselves down within past policies, which the shear and inexorable force of history eventually makes untenable and obsolete. The Arab protesters voices are, in this sense, also a reality check for us and their leaders.