- Jul 23, 2010
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Barrus said:As far as a quick westlaw search goes the statute of limitation is only concerned with the moment the charges are brought, so the moment the indictment is issued and the first (probably preliminary) hearing is held. Also it appears that the RICO act does not have a statute of limitation in it, but that the courts do follow general guidelines, however there does not appear to be a clear and strict rule, the courts have a large discretion in this aspect.
I could be completely wrong, but this is what a quick search has learned me
I'd offer to answer this elsewhere, but since it's here let me see if this helps. First, the SOL runs from the date of the commission of the offense, and that's generally when the clock begins to run. If a prosecution isn't brought within the time limits set forth in a particular SOL applicable to a particular crime charged, it will be time-barred.
Second, there is no preliminary hearing in a federal criminal prosecution. If a person is indicted, that's the applicable time of the commencement of the prosecution for purposes of application of the SOL (just as the filing date of a civil complaint is the trigger date in a civil suit). You count from the date of the act charged to the date of the indictment. Either it's within or outside the time limit (generally speaking, and I am not addressing "tolling" of the SOL here, since that subject was previously beaten to death).
Criminal RICO has no statute of limitations. Rather, the SOL that governs for criminal RICO prosecutions is 18 U.S.C. § 3282, which is the general “catchall” federal criminal statute of limitations. RICO itself includes no express statute of limitations for either civil or criminal remedies, and the 5-year statute of limitations applies to criminal RICO prosecutions only because Congress has provided such a criminal limitations period when no other period is specified. In a criminal RICO prosecution the SOL runs from the "last predicate act", i.e., the most recent act needed to complete the offense. In this respect, criminal RICO is different from civil RICO (because the 5 year catch-all SOL applicable in criminal RICO prosecutions has been held by the U.S. Supreme Court not to apply in civil RICO cases because of the “competing equities unique to civil RICO actions or, indeed, any other federal civil remedy” ).
Lastly, federal courts in applying even the 5-year catch-all SOL in a federal criminal RICO prosecution do not have "discretion." The general rule in criminal prosecutions is that SOL's are strictly construed and applied against the government. The fact that the 5-year SOL allows the time to commence running from the last, most recent predicate act needed to complete the offense, should not be mistaken for the court's "discretion" to apply different or varying rules or to interpret the SOL in varying ways in a federal criminal RICO prosecution.
