proffate said:
The magic minimum healthy bf number is different for different individuals.
Additionally, I think he has a low amount of muscle mass. Taylor Phinney is on record as saying he's at 4%bf at 180lbs, quite clearly packing a lot more muscle for the same amount of fat. Phil looks nothing like Taylor. Phil's low muscle mass would support the low AWC hypothesis. (You still haven't explained how bone weight increases AWC).
why?
Come on, Taylor Phinney at 4%? For reference, and this is far from scientific considering the "bro" community probably put up the picture, check out this photo.
http://www.nerdfitness.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/malebodyfat11.jpg
If Taylor is 4%, Hoogerland must be .04%
http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lsajohj5J81qf9y1po1_500.jpg
I'm not going to be able to satisfy your questions, but based on Phil's results relative to other top riders across TTs ranging from a few minutes up to 30 minutes, he HAS to have somewhat normal AWC. Otherwise he would get completely trounced at efforts around 5:00 and would have no chance at winning a hillclimb that takes 13-15:00. If you look at a stage race like Redlands in '12, he would never have been able to win the overall there with an extremely low AWC. I'd go so far to say that anyone with an extremely low AWC just won't make it in professional cycling, it's too explosive.
If the final TT of Paris-Nice is being won on 6.35w/kg and 2nd place is 6.25w/kg, maybe I need to dust my bike off and move to Europe. I just can't believe that. The depth at Paris-Nice should be quite strong for a race of that caliber. Going down to 20th place in that TT is Westra @ 1:35. If he went 20:51, it should take roughly 13-14% more power to do a 19:16. If Porte was at 6.35w/kg that would mean Westra only did about 5.6w/kg.
http://www.cyclingnews.com/paris-nice/stage-7/photos/255660
Guys, I don't know if you are trolling me here, but I can assure you that 20th place at Paris-Nice can't be had with 5.6w/kg for 20:51. That would indicate an FTP of right about 5-5.1 w/kg. Not believing that for one minute!
Versus Porte at 7.0w/kg (give or take 2-3%) and that puts Westra at 6.14w/kg on the day and an FTP of roughly 5.6w/kg. Much more believable. And totally in line with Sutherland's data from that race if one of them is slightly more aero (Westra) than the other.