Six days after announcing the provisional suspension of Spanish cyclist Oier Lazkano for doping due to anomalies in his biological passport, the International Cycling Union (UCI) has issued a provisional sanction against another rider, Portuguese Antonio Carvalho Ferreira, for the same evidentiary method: the biological passport. This simple and inexpensive measurement tool, similar to a virtual health record at any medical center, tracks fluctuations in blood values (hematocrit, reticulocytes, hemoglobin, etc.), as well as endocrine and steroid levels.
Two cases in less than a week. This is not a coincidence or a string of successes by the International Testing Agency (ITA), the independent body that manages doping cases for various international federations (cycling, athletics, etc.), but rather a new pattern of collaboration between law enforcement agencies that had been tracking Oier Lazkano for some time and has led to a likely four-year ban.
The UCI's communication regarding the Lazkano and Carvalho incidents has been very similar because the detection procedure was alike. "The rider has been provisionally suspended in accordance with the UCI's anti-doping regulations," reads the statement regarding the Portuguese cyclist.
The sanctioning element is not a prohibited substance or a triple violation in the mandatory tracking systems for all professional athletes (Mohamed Katir), but rather a tool that compiles athletes' parameters, especially blood parameters, and records the results of tests performed over time. Its aim is to detect possible manipulations or alterations in blood oxygenation, the holy grail in endurance sports.
If irregularities are found in hematological values, the ITA refers the case to an independent panel of three experts, who determine whether to open a possible disciplinary or sanctioning case.
A real graph
"The biological passport offers a real graph," says a source familiar with the Lazkano case. "This tool consists of constant analyses and numerous controls that provide real-time monitoring of the athlete. Training and performance cycles can be analyzed. When there are abnormal results, with significant fluctuations, they constitute evidence for sanctions. Much more effective than trying to find a substance in a doping control." The ITA (Italian Anti-Doping Agency) hired two former police officers, one Australian specializing in intelligence and the other Belgian specializing in customs. The tracking team is completed by an investigator who has long been in contact with the Public Health and Doping Section of the UCO (Central Operational Unit) of the Civil Guard. The agents quickly established a working relationship, and the group holds meetings at the end of each season to explore potential targets suspected of doping, in this case within Spanish sport.
Oier Lazkano was on the list, as were at least ten or twelve other Spanish athletes from various disciplines under surveillance for symptoms of possible doping fraud. Since the seasons in which he was investigated, the former Movistar cyclist (from 2022 to 2024), who was signed by Red Bull Bora (2025) and dismissed last week, has undergone numerous doping tests. At every race, there was a doping control officer waiting for the cyclist from Vitoria to take a blood sample. Most of these samples were destined for his biological passport, the testing method used to detect future doping incidents.
The ITA (Italian Anti-Doping Agency) gathered evidence and conducted numerous analyses. Four of Lazkano's tests came back anomalous; that is, his hematological values clashed with the parameters reflected in his biological passport profile. They weren't positive, or adverse, as anti-doping officials call them, but rather notable anomalies deemed suspicious.
Lazkano was notified of the four anomalies by the UCI (International Cycling Union), and he attributed the results to the fluctuations caused by altitude. "But variations in altitude concentrations generate not only high peaks, but also low peaks," a source reminded ABC, citing this as an indicator of possible doping.
The computer and the mobile phone
Last spring, former ITA police officers and agents from the UCO (Central Operative Unit of the Civil Guard) went to the cyclist's home in Andorra to inform him of the start of the proceedings. The cyclist's computer and mobile phone were confiscated, but after both devices were analyzed by the ITA, it was concluded that there was no evidence to incriminate him. He has only been provisionally sanctioned for variations in his biological passport.
The rider now has a period to submit arguments regarding his provisional doping suspension, which will be reviewed by a panel of ITA experts. If the cyclist is sanctioned for several years, the time he is currently serving will be deducted.
"The UCI has spent a lot of money on this agreement with the ITA," experts told ABC. "And it has strengthened the monitoring of all cyclists who show any abnormal parameters. You don't really need very sophisticated methods to do this monitoring. It's just a matter of running one test after another and comparing the graphs."