Mare Nostrum stage 23: Mediolanum - Colonia Verona Augusta: 349.5km, “high” mountains, ultra stage
After a short transfer on the last restday the caravan arrives in Mediolanum, current Milan. Founded by the Gallic tribe of the Insubres, Mediolanum came under Roman control in 222BC. Its name, meaning “in the middle of the plains” showed its importance, as it was a hub in the road network of northern Italy. During the Augustan age, Mediolanum was famous for its schools and in 286AD Emperor Diocletianus made it the capital of the Western part of the empire. While Diocletianus himself chose to reside in the capital of the eastern part (back then it was still Nicomedia), his colleague Maxentius ruled the western part from Mediolanum. Maximian built several gigantic monuments, the large circus, the thermae or "Baths of Hercules", an impressive complex of imperial palaces and other services and buildings of which few visible traces remain.
Mediolanum deserved its place in history for another reason, as emperor Constantine issued the edict of Milan from here in 313AD, ensuring freedom of religion in the empire and basically putting an end to the persecution of Christians.
Anyway, let’s take a look at the stage.
Given the name of the starting location, it is no surprise that we start with a long stretch of flat roads from Mediolanum to Brixia.
Current Brescia became Roman in 225 BC, when the Cenomani submitted to the Romans. During the Carthaginian Wars, Brixia was allied with the Romans. Subsequently, the city and the tribe entered the Roman world peacefully as faithful allies, maintaining a certain administrative freedom. Emperor Augustus founded a civil colony there in 27 BC, and he and Tiberius constructed an aqueduct to supply it. Roman Brixia had at least three temples, an aqueduct, a theatre, a forum with another temple built under Vespasianus, and some baths.
When Constantine advanced against Maxentius in 312, an engagement took place at Brixia in which the enemy was forced to retreat as far as Verona.
Brescia has its own capitoline hill and can boast one of the most complete sets of Roman edifices in northern Italy and hosts today’s first Roman landmark sprint.
Leaving Brescia, the first difficulty of the day makes its appearance. Although rather short, it will certainly have an impact on the race, as Monte Maddalena from this side is steep, very steep. It may be an ideal launching pad for a strong breakaway, as the descend is followed by more than 75km flat roads, ideal to increase an eventual lead over the bunch. In these 75km three more Roman landmark sprints have to be contested. The first of this three, at Lonato, is rather symbolic for the Roman empire as a whole. It’s no temple, amphitheater or political building, but far more down to earth: a brick furnace. We all know about the emperors and senators and poets, but the Roman empire could only be what it was, for the time it was because of the masses who provided food and clothing, constructed the famous roads and temples, who paid the taxes to sustain the military. Those masses often lived in insulae, a kind of apartment buildings, often made of brick. Therefore, to the glorious brick:
Less than 10km further on the road there’s another Roman landmark sprint, now in front of a more mundane Roman villa with some beautiful mosaics, near the shores of lake Garda.
The course keeps on following the southern shore of Lake Garda, on the traces of the old Roman road between Brixia and Verona. On the southeastern point of the lake, just before today’s stage heads north, there’s the 4th Roman landmark sprint of the day. In current Peschiera del Garda the remains of the old Roman settlement Arilica can be seen.
A bit further, on the halfway point, this stage can finally begin in earnest as the peloton nears the first of five climbs that will decide over the stage, and maybe even shake up the GC.
The climb to San Zeno di Montagna will probably only shed the worst climbers from the main pack, but its descent is soon followed by the steep climb of Punta Veleno. In between there’s the final Roman landmark sprint, at the Roman villa of Castelletto del Garda.
The descent of Punta Veleno, more shallow than the ascent and not that technical, will connect immediately with the climb to Monte Baldo. This will start at ease, with gradients around 5-6%, but the final 6km are steeper again. The descent to the Adige river, with a little bit of valley floor is followed by the final big climb of the day: the climb to Monte Cornetto. This is basically
the climb to Sega di Ala, as used in the 2013 Giro del Trentino, or the
first 11km of the Passo delle Fittanze, followed by a wall of 2.5km @ 10.5%, with the final km around 14%.
Its fast descent ends with 19km to go, and the start of the final difficulty of the day.
After everything that came before, the climb to Volpare is only a minor one, but almost 5 km at more than 7% is still not easy.
The descent and final flat kilometres will lead to a finish in front of the Veronese amphitheatre, one of the most famous still around and one of the biggest in the empire at its heyday. As you'll notice when looking at the picture, it was for a large part made of bricks (as so many other landmarks), with only the outer layer of a more durable and beautiful stone like marble.
I know I could have included the climb to Torricelle, not as a reference to Roman history, but to cycling history. However, I don't think that would have added anything to the design.
Verona can boast some other Roman edifices. Not far from the amphitheatre is the Ponte di Pietra, another Roman landmark that has survived to this day.
The Arco dei Gavi was built in the 1st century AD, and is famous for having the name of the builder (architect Lucius Vitruvius Cordone) engraved on it, a rare case in the architecture of the epoque. It originally straddled the main Roman road into the city, now the Corso Cavour.
Nearby is the Porta Borsari, an archway at the end of Corso Porta Borsari. This is the façade of a 3rd-century gate in the original Roman city walls. The inscription is dated 245 AD and gives the city name as Colonia Verona Augusta. Corso Porta Borsari, the road passing through the gate is the original Via Sacra of the Roman city.
Verona became a Roman colony in the year 89 BC, receiving the franchise in 59 and became a municipium in 49 BC. The former ford was replaced by two bridges, one of which, the Pothumius Bridge, also functioned as an aqueduct, as well as a dam for setting naval battles in the Theater. Its strategic importance lay in its position at the junction of four main roads: the Via Gallica, from Turin to Aquileia; the Via Claudia Augusta, from Modena to Germany; the Via Postumia, from Liguria to Illyria; and the Vicum Veronensis, which connected the city to Ostiglia.
Due to its leading position in northern Italy, Verona was often involved in civil Roman wars. Famous figures who fought here include Vespasian and Vitellius (AD 69); Philip the Arab and Decius (249); Carinus and Sabinus Julianus (283); and Constantine the Great, who defeated Ruricius Pompeianus here after a long siege in 312. The city was also the residence of emperors on a frequent basis. In 265 the emperor Gallienus, to improve safety, extended the walls to include the Arena.
Roman Landmark sprints:
Brixia: km90
Lonato: km144
Desenzano del Garda: km153
Arilica: km167
Castelletto: km215
Climbs:
Monte Maddalena: km104.5; 5.6km @ 11.3%; 1st cat; 844m
San Zeno di Montagna: km203.5; 12.2km @ 4.5%; 2nd cat
Punta Veleno: km226.5; 8km @ 12.5% (6.7km @ 14.4%); HC; 1134m
Monte Baldo: km 265.5; 23.8km @ 5.7%; 1st cat; 1615m
Monte Cornetto: km306; 13.5km @ 9.7%; HC
Volpare: km335.5; 4.8km @ 7.2%; 2nd cat
Total distance raced: 5140km