Race Radio said:
That would require a pretty vast conspiracy involving the Dutch and the AFLD as the caught the Astana riders, not the UCI

AFLD or any other NADO has no authority to do anything. They act at the direction of the anti-doping authority.
Here's the long-winded process:
-athlete attends event with an anti-doping authority. (UCI???)
-samples are collected based on the standard rules.
-Additional samples might be taken for suspicious (UCI provided names, national federation for lower ranked events) and/or purely random choice.
Anti-doping authority directs the NADO to perform tests.
NADO passes results back to the anti-doping authority. (UCI??)
Anti-doping authority is free to decide whether or not to open a case.
Let's say the UCI is the anti-doping authority and decides to open the case:
The UCI would direct the athlete's federation and NADO to start the sanction procedure. NADO sanctions athlete based on the UCI's rules.
NADO's cannot say no.