QuickStepper said:Um, all of them. Judge Sparks' decision makes clear that whatever issues remain about the jurisdiction of USADA to bring the charges against Armstrong which have been asserted are subject to being resolved in arbitration, but not in federal court (at least not now, and not without a further factual showing that USADA has failed to follow its own rules as set forth in the Protocols, etc.).
In short, all jurisdictional issues regarding the fundamental dispute involving USADA and Armstrong, remain in play and subject to being heard and decided, but just in the context of arbitration.
And this, Laura, is why everyone here who has opined on the subject also suggests that if Armstrong intends to appeal any decision to the CAS that he will not allow the arbitration to proceed by way of default. If he does, then CAS may not have a basis to consider the appeal because Armstrong will have failed to exhaust his legal remedies in the context of the arbitration.
It's also why, if Armstrong ever hopes to have a chance to re-file in federal court in an attempt to persuade any federal judge that USADA has failed to provide adequate due process or that the arbitration is indeed unfair, he will also not let the matter go by default.
You are correct about one thing: At the moment, his only real viable choice is to participate in the USADA arbitration (either in the U.S., or directly before CAS if USADA is still offering that as a concession which it did during arguments in the now-dismissed federal case).
To put this slightly differently, the only "jurisdictional" question that was resolved was Judge Sparks' conclusion that the federal district court did not have jurisdiction to hear any of the disputes between Armstrong and USADA, because those matters had to be resolved in arbitration. Otherwise, nothing else was resolved and it all remains open....at least for now and unless Armstrong idioltically decides not to do anything further.
I would agree that if he opts to do nothing, and elects not to arbitrate, he will be sanctioned by USADA and then will have nothing to appeal, at least nothing that I think will be "appealable" to any body or juridical body that will have any relevance.
It would be very difficult for Armstrong to argue that the United States Olympic Committee does not have exclusive jurisdiction of "amateur athletes" under the Amateur Sports Act. It would also be very difficult for Armstrong to argue that USADA is not doing antidoping process pursuant to the mandate of the US Olympic Committee.
The reason it is difficult to make those arguments is that those arguments are arguments that Judge Sparks made when he determined that the Amateur Sports Act applied.