The most popular accussations debunked ....
There is a lot of talk about the 'science' of doping and anti-doping in here that is quite good, but my read on the situation has always been on how you go about settling a great dispute. The various manners about how Lance could have doped are pure speculation. Interesting though they may be, they aren’t purely relevant unless they lead to a testable thesis that helps to confirm or deny the main point. In effect, this issue is a zero sum question, either Lance doped or he did not. There is no middle ground on that question.
When answering that question, one must go with the preponderance of the evidence in the case presented, and given the sheer length of time and number of claims investigated it is safe to say that the preponderance of the evidence does point more convincingly one way or the other.
There is quite a bit to take in the entirety, but the four most commonly heard accusations are fairly standard and, I believe, reveal the preponderance of the facts that matter regarding Lance’s alleged doping. In no particular order, here are the most serious doping issues that Lance has been, and continues to be, accused of.
1. 1999 Tour: Lance's test shows traces of a corticosteroid, though the issue is not considered a positive test. A TUE is issued for the treatment of a saddle sore. However, the public uproar the year after the Festina Scandal coupled with huge time gaps that opened up in large part due to an accident involving GC contenders on the Passage du Gois, lead the UCI to publically exonerate Lance of any wrong doing.
To date no sanction or evidence of systemic doping with corticosteroids has been produced.
http://velonews.com/article/8740
The preponderance supports Lance.
2. 1999 Tour: Armstrong's test apparently come back positive for EPO in samples analyzed only as part of a research program for the detection of EPO. Interestingly enough, there is never a formal accusation, just a four page article in L’Equip about the alleged doping, further confusing the issue about what Lance is and is not alleged to have done.
http://velonews.com/article/8740
The back and forth continues and an independent investigation is ordered by the UCI. The final findings of the case are summed up as, “If you look at how the result was obtained it was so different from the analysis procedure required by WADA... it doesn't even qualify as a finding.” An interesting note aside, and given the origins of the issue, both the UCI and WADA blasted Mr. Vrijman for making the results of the inquiry public.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/5033672.stm
The report itself finds several specific faults with the procedures, but the ones that I find to be particularly relevant are as follows:
“There is some evidence that naturally-occurring (“endogenous”) EPO can undergo changes in storage that cause it to test positive for synthetic (“exogenous”) EPO, also called r-EPO (section 4.54, page 90). As a result, since 2005, labs have been required to perform an additional stability test on any EPO sample. There's no documentation suggesting that test was done on the Tour de France samples from '98 and '99.”
“WADA further spent six months twisting the lab's arm, until they finally provided the results with “additional information;” specifically the code numbers, which could be tied back to the rider through the doping control sheets.”
“The World Anti-Doping Agency has claimed a number of times that the samples were tested as part of a study intended to better calibrate the EPO test. That study has not been published.”
“The report suggests very strongly that WADA chose to [disregard] its own WADA Code (PDF link) in order to plant suspicion that Lance Armstrong doped. It did this even with the foreknowledge that the “evidence” thus generated rose barely above the level of innuendo, and couldn't be used as evidence in a real doping inquiry. That's pretty much the definition of a smear campaign.”
http://www.tdfblog.com/2006/06/thoughts_on_the.html
“Despite the recognition of the proper jurisdiction of the independent investigator by all individuals and organizations that were contacted, the French Ministry, the LNDD and WADA, all refused to provide the investigator with the documents and full cooperation necessary to reach definite conclusions on certain issues that remain unresolved.”
http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf
The report ends with a clear recommendation on the way forward regarding the issue, “In addition, a tribunal with authority needs to be convened, to provide a fair hearing to the individuals and organizations involved in the misconduct discussed in this report.”
http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf
WADA, under Pound’s leadership, finds the report to be utterly without worth, and demands that the independent committee investigate to get to the bottom. To date WADA also refuses to cooperate in any manner that would lead to a tribunal that could find the definitive answers and sanction the parties involved in unethical behavior regarding this issue. In sharp contrast, Lance Armstrong sent a note demanding that the IOC carry out just such actions and demanding that Mr. Pound be punished for the behavior exposed in the report.
http://www.bicycling.com/article/0,6610,s1-3-9-14736-1,00.html and for **** Pound’s version, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2006/06/02/sports/s145721D00.DTL&type=printable
To be fair, there is also a healthy dose of ego driven politics between **** Pound, whose connections within IOC allowed WADA to be created in the first place (which does not mean he ran it particularly ethically while leading it), and one Mr. Verbruggen then president of the UCI (which does not mean he ran it particularly well while he was leading it). However, the two were also involved in a heated and semi-public debate regarding doping in cycling, and neither was above using political connections to discredit the other.
The extent to which these connections were being used is probably one reason why the tribunal regarding this incident has never been convened. However, that both sides had a vested interest in using Lance and his alleged doping as a political football to try and discredit the other does tend to exonerate Lance from doping in such an unusual doping accusation.
My final read on this one, was that the EPO story was less about Lance than it was about a political battle between two very powerful and very proud men within the IOC.
The preponderance of the evidence supports Lance.
3. SCA Sports accused Lance Armstrong of doping and attempted to reclaim a promised $5 million bonus. The part that gets the most focus is the claim by Betsy and Frankie Andreu during a deposition that Armstrong had admitted using performance-enhancing drugs to his physician just after brain surgery in 1996. However, the eight, yes eight, other people present for this incident directly contradict this statement including Lance’s Doctor, Craig Nichols, and is further supported by 280 pages of Lance’s medical history.
http://velonews.com/article/10088
Lance himself speculates that Betsy Andreau may have been confused by possible mention of his post-operative treatment which included steroids and EPO that are taken to counteract wasting and red-blood-cell-destroying effects of intensive chemotherapy.
http://velonews.com/article/10091
In the end, the $5 million case is settled for $7.5 million to cover the lawyer’s fees and interest associated with the case. Mrs. Andreau may be a very good witness, but the fact that eight other people disagree with her assessment under oath, including the treating physician whose Hippocratic oath would preclude such an omission and whose conduct would have required him to alter key portions of a patients medical record then undergoing extensive treatment for cancer strongly suggest that she was at best mistaken in her analysis.
The preponderance of the evidence supports Lance.
4. The final one is Mr. Walsh’s book LA: Confidential. To date, there has not been an extensive investigation of the accusations before a legal body with sanctioning or decision making influence. Such an opportunity could arise except that publication of the book has been blocked in English pending almost certain litigation regarding from Armstrong regarding libel. To date, no publishing company or group has found the venture worthy enough to publish the book and take the results of the book before a judicial body to test the thesis of Armstrong’s doping.
Various bits do exist in English and French (And my French is not so good that I could comprehend the entire book in its original), but too date, no one has brought these allegation before a sanctioning body for full investigation. Certainly, SCA could have brought these allegations forward in its own case against Lance, and that they chose not to is telling. At this time, Mr. Walsh’s book remains purely speculative, and there have been no attempts to move the book into a realm where they would become something more tangible in terms of an actual anti-doping violation.
The preponderance of the evidence supports Lance.
There are of course other incidents, but most are infrequently mentioned and/or are based in hearsay or have some other problem that all but precludes the possibility that they will ever reach any sanctioning authority, be that civil, criminal, or regulatory. For example, the fact that Roberto Heras, Floyd Landis, and a few other riders who once rode for Lance subsequently tested positive while riding for different teams does not equate to an anti-doping violation on Lance’s part.
In the end, after ten years, no has been able to prove Lance Armstrong has doped, and the preponderance of the available evidence strongly suggests that he has not doped.
There is a lot of talk about the 'science' of doping and anti-doping in here that is quite good, but my read on the situation has always been on how you go about settling a great dispute. The various manners about how Lance could have doped are pure speculation. Interesting though they may be, they aren’t purely relevant unless they lead to a testable thesis that helps to confirm or deny the main point. In effect, this issue is a zero sum question, either Lance doped or he did not. There is no middle ground on that question.
When answering that question, one must go with the preponderance of the evidence in the case presented, and given the sheer length of time and number of claims investigated it is safe to say that the preponderance of the evidence does point more convincingly one way or the other.
There is quite a bit to take in the entirety, but the four most commonly heard accusations are fairly standard and, I believe, reveal the preponderance of the facts that matter regarding Lance’s alleged doping. In no particular order, here are the most serious doping issues that Lance has been, and continues to be, accused of.
1. 1999 Tour: Lance's test shows traces of a corticosteroid, though the issue is not considered a positive test. A TUE is issued for the treatment of a saddle sore. However, the public uproar the year after the Festina Scandal coupled with huge time gaps that opened up in large part due to an accident involving GC contenders on the Passage du Gois, lead the UCI to publically exonerate Lance of any wrong doing.
To date no sanction or evidence of systemic doping with corticosteroids has been produced.
http://velonews.com/article/8740
The preponderance supports Lance.
2. 1999 Tour: Armstrong's test apparently come back positive for EPO in samples analyzed only as part of a research program for the detection of EPO. Interestingly enough, there is never a formal accusation, just a four page article in L’Equip about the alleged doping, further confusing the issue about what Lance is and is not alleged to have done.
http://velonews.com/article/8740
The back and forth continues and an independent investigation is ordered by the UCI. The final findings of the case are summed up as, “If you look at how the result was obtained it was so different from the analysis procedure required by WADA... it doesn't even qualify as a finding.” An interesting note aside, and given the origins of the issue, both the UCI and WADA blasted Mr. Vrijman for making the results of the inquiry public.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/5033672.stm
The report itself finds several specific faults with the procedures, but the ones that I find to be particularly relevant are as follows:
“There is some evidence that naturally-occurring (“endogenous”) EPO can undergo changes in storage that cause it to test positive for synthetic (“exogenous”) EPO, also called r-EPO (section 4.54, page 90). As a result, since 2005, labs have been required to perform an additional stability test on any EPO sample. There's no documentation suggesting that test was done on the Tour de France samples from '98 and '99.”
“WADA further spent six months twisting the lab's arm, until they finally provided the results with “additional information;” specifically the code numbers, which could be tied back to the rider through the doping control sheets.”
“The World Anti-Doping Agency has claimed a number of times that the samples were tested as part of a study intended to better calibrate the EPO test. That study has not been published.”
“The report suggests very strongly that WADA chose to [disregard] its own WADA Code (PDF link) in order to plant suspicion that Lance Armstrong doped. It did this even with the foreknowledge that the “evidence” thus generated rose barely above the level of innuendo, and couldn't be used as evidence in a real doping inquiry. That's pretty much the definition of a smear campaign.”
http://www.tdfblog.com/2006/06/thoughts_on_the.html
“Despite the recognition of the proper jurisdiction of the independent investigator by all individuals and organizations that were contacted, the French Ministry, the LNDD and WADA, all refused to provide the investigator with the documents and full cooperation necessary to reach definite conclusions on certain issues that remain unresolved.”
http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf
The report ends with a clear recommendation on the way forward regarding the issue, “In addition, a tribunal with authority needs to be convened, to provide a fair hearing to the individuals and organizations involved in the misconduct discussed in this report.”
http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf
WADA, under Pound’s leadership, finds the report to be utterly without worth, and demands that the independent committee investigate to get to the bottom. To date WADA also refuses to cooperate in any manner that would lead to a tribunal that could find the definitive answers and sanction the parties involved in unethical behavior regarding this issue. In sharp contrast, Lance Armstrong sent a note demanding that the IOC carry out just such actions and demanding that Mr. Pound be punished for the behavior exposed in the report.
http://www.bicycling.com/article/0,6610,s1-3-9-14736-1,00.html and for **** Pound’s version, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2006/06/02/sports/s145721D00.DTL&type=printable
To be fair, there is also a healthy dose of ego driven politics between **** Pound, whose connections within IOC allowed WADA to be created in the first place (which does not mean he ran it particularly ethically while leading it), and one Mr. Verbruggen then president of the UCI (which does not mean he ran it particularly well while he was leading it). However, the two were also involved in a heated and semi-public debate regarding doping in cycling, and neither was above using political connections to discredit the other.
The extent to which these connections were being used is probably one reason why the tribunal regarding this incident has never been convened. However, that both sides had a vested interest in using Lance and his alleged doping as a political football to try and discredit the other does tend to exonerate Lance from doping in such an unusual doping accusation.
My final read on this one, was that the EPO story was less about Lance than it was about a political battle between two very powerful and very proud men within the IOC.
The preponderance of the evidence supports Lance.
3. SCA Sports accused Lance Armstrong of doping and attempted to reclaim a promised $5 million bonus. The part that gets the most focus is the claim by Betsy and Frankie Andreu during a deposition that Armstrong had admitted using performance-enhancing drugs to his physician just after brain surgery in 1996. However, the eight, yes eight, other people present for this incident directly contradict this statement including Lance’s Doctor, Craig Nichols, and is further supported by 280 pages of Lance’s medical history.
http://velonews.com/article/10088
Lance himself speculates that Betsy Andreau may have been confused by possible mention of his post-operative treatment which included steroids and EPO that are taken to counteract wasting and red-blood-cell-destroying effects of intensive chemotherapy.
http://velonews.com/article/10091
In the end, the $5 million case is settled for $7.5 million to cover the lawyer’s fees and interest associated with the case. Mrs. Andreau may be a very good witness, but the fact that eight other people disagree with her assessment under oath, including the treating physician whose Hippocratic oath would preclude such an omission and whose conduct would have required him to alter key portions of a patients medical record then undergoing extensive treatment for cancer strongly suggest that she was at best mistaken in her analysis.
The preponderance of the evidence supports Lance.
4. The final one is Mr. Walsh’s book LA: Confidential. To date, there has not been an extensive investigation of the accusations before a legal body with sanctioning or decision making influence. Such an opportunity could arise except that publication of the book has been blocked in English pending almost certain litigation regarding from Armstrong regarding libel. To date, no publishing company or group has found the venture worthy enough to publish the book and take the results of the book before a judicial body to test the thesis of Armstrong’s doping.
Various bits do exist in English and French (And my French is not so good that I could comprehend the entire book in its original), but too date, no one has brought these allegation before a sanctioning body for full investigation. Certainly, SCA could have brought these allegations forward in its own case against Lance, and that they chose not to is telling. At this time, Mr. Walsh’s book remains purely speculative, and there have been no attempts to move the book into a realm where they would become something more tangible in terms of an actual anti-doping violation.
The preponderance of the evidence supports Lance.
There are of course other incidents, but most are infrequently mentioned and/or are based in hearsay or have some other problem that all but precludes the possibility that they will ever reach any sanctioning authority, be that civil, criminal, or regulatory. For example, the fact that Roberto Heras, Floyd Landis, and a few other riders who once rode for Lance subsequently tested positive while riding for different teams does not equate to an anti-doping violation on Lance’s part.
In the end, after ten years, no has been able to prove Lance Armstrong has doped, and the preponderance of the available evidence strongly suggests that he has not doped.