Nuclear power (fission) is only a mid-term solution (20-50 years) due to some of those limitations. Good call on liquid and breeder reactors, and on fusion. A study well worth research funding, along with superconductivity.
I bring up this topic because it shows a good example of why I'm not really a "conservative", though I do favor balancing budgets and many other things the GOP supports. The laisse-faire thinking would say that the market killed nuclear power, and that the government should stay completely out of it, and let the market take care of itself in the future. There is a prevailing agreement with this principle across the country. Often by people who don't realize the government has it's hands in almost everything, if not directly through tax and regulation manipulation. And in a sense, they are correct, the market eventually would take care of itself - just as Keynes agreed. But this runs some big risks. Such as huge spikes in energy prices due to supply manipulation; this is especially true as much of our oil comes very a very volatile part of the world where many people would like to see us get wiped off the face of the earth. The primary supplier(s) OPEC has many members who are tenuous traders at best, with Saudi Arabia being a dictatorship as a country; a convenient little fact we like to ignore. There is also the risk of oil shortages, and even peak oil (though I think it's a very, very slow slope after the peak, not a cliff). So to accept this as being the market that will take care of itself, is fraught with pitfalls. It's also very expensive for us to maintain a presence in the Middle East (something conservatives conveniently forget when budgeting, and neocons seem to embrace and keep hush). Witness the cost of the wars. What is it now, $1.4 trillion? So it makes no sense to wait until there's so many problems that it becomes extremely difficult to change energy supplies, when we can plan for those on our own, and control our own destiny. The second problem is coal, as it's a pollutant with mercury being the big problem (GW or not). However, by slowly increasing our electricity creation, using nuclear, wind and solar energy, eventually to a great amount, in this country we can:
• Put people to work at well paying construction jobs, who are otherwise on unemployment, or just broke.
• Create some long-term jobs in energy, maintaining equipment.
• Get off our oil addiction, out of the Middle East, and produce most of our own energy. They can have their sand and oil and do with it what they want.
• We actually produce a lot of our own oil, we just need to drive less gasoline burning cars and it will be enough for us.
• If we can get Detroit to start making electric hybrid cars (battery around town up to 100 miles, gas after that), and get most people to buy them, we can cause this to happen. And with nuclear power more plentiful, and wind and solar picking up, they'll be reasonably cheap to drive. A nice benefit about electric cars is that they would mostly be charged at night, when the power grid is least used, meaning we wouldn't have to build tons of new power plants to charge these cars.
• We get a cleaner environment out of it.
What would it take to make this happen? Stop the thinking that the only path to the future is the get out of the way and make no plans at all and let the market dictate things. You would also have to pay some $20-$100 a year more in taxes, and maybe more than that in energy rates for a few years. Or have that cut from your Medicare, etc. The numbers are hard to pin down, but it wouldn't be thousands of dollars per person.
Thoughts anyone?