Merckx index said:
Steve Coll on the real reason we're helping the Kurds:
Which seems to contradict what Obama told Tom Friedman in a recent
interview:
Nah it's not as simple as saying it's about oil. The US relations/interest with/in the Kurds started AFAIK in 1991. Saddam was killing his opponents, shia in the south and Kurds in the North. A no-fly zone was started to keep him from using his airforce for that purpose. Additionally, there were huge numbers of Kurds flooding Turkey. Turkey is a NATO country, and had huge trouble with it's kurdish population, so this could be a destabilizing factor. So by assisting the Kurds the US initially had two key self interests; 1. Keeping Saddam from taking control of Kurdish areas, hence weakening him and possibly helping to cause his overthrow. 2. Keep Turkey stable. And perhaps 3. protect the refugees.
During the 90s this was the policy. Then in 2003 the Kurds were valuable assistance in the the invasion of Iraq. During the last ten years, Kurdish Iraq has been a quiet oasis with tolerance for minorities. It has been a valuable and stabilizing factor. It has also achieved good relations with Turkey, wich is highly significant. Turkey(akp+) is also improving their relations with the Kurdish minority in Turkey, and working toward a peace deal with the Pkk.
The kurds have an interest in securing oil for their hoped for future state. Also they want to include Kirkuk wich has oil and was "seized" by sadam with a policy of "sunnifying" the originally Kurdish city. Due to the Iraqis not getting their oil law voted in(the version created by an Iraqi-Norwegian who also helped formulate Norwegian Oil policy in the 70s btw), the Kurds went ahead alone. In fact I think it was a Norwegian company who started working there first. Norway btw did not take part in the Invasion much to the disappointment of GWB.
Now US policy and European+Turkish is for Iraq to remain united, since the Kurds creating a state unleashes a whole new can of worms due to the Kurdish minorities in the neighboring countries.
It's been a longstanding policy of the US and most European nations to diversify the Energy suppliers for Europe. The US has been active in varying degrees since the 1970s. Less so in the 90s and a bit more the last 5 years. Europe has to some extent focused on this, but perhaps European wishful thinking has led to it not prioritizing diversification enough. The idea has been that mutual trade relations and cooperation will help Russia to become a modern country(as in leave their near abroad ideas behind etc.). This policy obviously proved a failure.
Now as far as diversification, there are several pipelines running through Turkey already, and some important ones to Azerbadjan. There is potential for gas to come from Azerbadjan/Turkmenistan, however it's commercial viability is based on long term contracts, which is difficult to see happening soon due to the political situation in the area. Possibly also from Iraq, but that requires greater stability and better governance since the biggest gas fields that I know about are not in Kurdish areas. Those poor people only got oil you see.
Personally I think the most sensible alternative is Iran. The problem is that the US has grudges against countries, and it's hard to work past that. (Cuba with the Sugar nationalization and Iran with the Hostage crisis). Bush really fvcked up the progress being made in the early 2000s with his axis of Evil policy. The Iranians were trending to more normal relations with the outside world until that idiotic speech. Now there is also the problem with the Sunni Shia/Saudi Iran "conflict" that complicates things. But really, Iran is a much more compatible nation with US/European values than Saudi Arabia.
So no, saying it's about oil is much too simple. Oil figures into the politics of most of the Middle east, but saying US did X because of oil reveals a too simplistic understanding of the various interests that govern nations, alliances and peoples. We can of course say that the US and the Worlds interest in the Middle East, and especially on the Persian Gulf area is about oil and gas. Had their been no oil/gas in the Region no one would care unless it caused trouble for the outside world. But there is Oil, the world needs oil, and the worlds continued supply of oil means the world has to be involved in the politics of the region.
Ps. Europe needs cheap gas(transported trough pipes), the oil can continue to come by ship.