In cycling the system works very differently than in football. Almost all riders, probably 99%, stay with their team until their contract ends. Buying a rider out of their contract is rare, since most contracts don’t even include buyout clauses. I’ve heard that UAE includes them, but for someone like Logan Currie I doubt there is one.
In football, there’s a formal transfer system with additional mechanisms. For example, when a player is sold for €5M, the original club might keep a 10% resale clause so they benefit if he’s sold again later. Cycling doesn’t have anything like this, and I don’t understand why. Especially for smaller teams, resale or transfer clauses could be a smart way to strengthen their budgets.
The fact that there is a different mentality and most riders fulfill their contracts doesn't mean there isn't a transfer system. It is literally the same as football or any other sport, it just isn't seen as it (cause it isnt "marketed" that way). If you want to buy a rider from another team, you can. The other team just has to agree, just like in any other sport. You say there aren't buy out clauses like it's a typical thing to do in football. And while it's been more frequent lately and definitely in bigger competition (in Spain it's obligated to have one, so they use unrealistically high ones), most footballers definitely do not have a buy out clause.
Also on you last paragraph. It actually DOES exist in some way. There is a development fee, it's just small.