Let's be careful though, some of the wording you have there is ambiguous which leads to confusion. The suggestion is not that 17 of 22 Russian athletes had a positive test covered up in 2017-18, but that 17 of the 22 athletes who represented Russia at the World Cup in 2017-18 had previously had either biopassport anomalies, a positive test, or both, at some point previously in their career.
The scope of this particular investigation looks to be a five year period stretching from Ruhpolding 2012 to Hochfilzen 2017, which would bring into play those who were involved in the Sochi deception, and also those who were around during the period between Sochi taking place and Sochi becoming public, during which time it seems it is likely that things continued.
The following represented Russia at the 2017-18 Biathlon World Cup:
Anton Babikov
Matvey Eliseev
Evgeny Garanichev
Aleksandr Loginov
Igor Malinovskii
Dmitry Malyshko
Petr Pashchenko
Anton Shipulin
Yuri Shopin
Maxim Tsvetkov
Alexey Volkov
Tatiana Akimova
Uliana Kaisheva
Svetlana Mironova
Olga Podchufarova
Kristina Reztsova
Viktoria Slivko
Irina Starykh
Irina Uslugina
Daria Virolaynen
Ekaterina Yurlova-Percht
That totals 21, plus Alexey Slepov was selected for Tyumen' but did not race.
Figuring out who hasn't been involved then becomes difficult. There's four who were able to compete at the Olympics, but then that suggests a number of cases among those who have precious little international experience at the time period that the investigation covers. And if the investigation is talking about the World Cup level, then running up to and including Hochfilzen's World Championships last season would seem to exonerate Malinovskii, Mironova and Reztsova, none of whom had debuted at the World Cup until after those championships (Malinovskii and Reztsova also only did the one event at the end of the season this year with the bonus entries from the IBU Cup).
Otherwise from a Russian perspective it's more or less as-you-were; especially among the men for whom the team has remained fairly static for a long time now, with the same 7 or 8 athletes covering more or less the whole season (Slepov, Malinovskii and Pashchenko only went to Tyumen' from the IBU cup entries, Shopin did one World Cup race at Oberhof to fulfil the obligations of the Izhevsk Rifle), and all but Babikov and Eliseev have been the core of the team since before Sochi anyway. Among the women, there's been a bit more flux, admittedly, but then their results have been worse.
The issue is now on the IBU's side of course. I would actually argue that the IBU is not making a particularly strong claim in competing for most corrupt organisation. It's certainly jumping up the league table, but this only really puts it at the level of the UCI even if true, for the Armstrong collusion, and still a way behind FIFA. But it's really not a good look and the fact Besseberg has clung to power since the beginning makes him almost synonymous with that governing body which will put more smoke under the fire.
It does make the calls against Besseberg by the likes of Koukalová make more sense, and although I am perfectly glad to see the back of her, at the same time while some of her revelations like the nonsense story about Vitková are pretty ridiculous, her admitting to having had issues with anorexia does put some other pieces of the jigsaw into place. It would make sense if that was the 'true' reason for her absence that she would not necessarily want to be public about it until she was ready; at the same time I would say that, like when Koko and I had that blazing row about Tiril Eckhoff's build a few years ago, it would seem that Gabi is somebody who is not naturally rail thin, and compared to the likes of Gössner/Neureuther and Mäkäräinen among the fastest skiers this was clear, and perhaps the pressure of dieting down to keep in the competitive shape to keep her ski speed up takes its toll and either exacerbates/accentuates pre-existing problems or creates new ones. While I won't miss her on the trails, at the same time eating disorders are no laughing matter and I hope she has been able to overcome that now, and if not I hope she is getting the help she needs to do so.
Edit:
Oh, and of course there's Lapshin and Frolina as well who've represented Russia in the timeframe of the investigation (I think, Frolina may have been ousted from the team by 2012), who increasingly look like the smart ones. Avvakumova too, but she didn't get to the highest level with Russia before the switch.
Edit 2:
Scratch that last bit, Avvakumova's fallen out with the Korean team brass and will return to representing Russia.