El Pistolero said:
The green jersey is a sprinters jersey. Why else would someone receive less points on mountain stages? You know, the stages that are way harder to win than flat stages?
From the Tour de France rules, which also specify that the importance of the Green Jersey is the second most important Jersey in the Tour, with only the Yellow Jersey being more important.
http://www.letour.fr/2010/TDF/COURSE/docs/reglement.pdf
Individual points ranking
The individual points ranking is obtained by
adding together the points recorded in the
individual rankings for each stage, according
to the following tables, and taking into
account penalty points:
• for the “flat” in-line stages (art. 22-coeff.
1): 35-30-26-24-22-20-19-18-17-16-15-14-
13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 points for
the first 25 riders to finish;
• for the “medium mountain” in-line stages
(art. 22-coeff. 2): 25-22-20-18-16-15-14-13-
12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 points for the
first 20 riders to finish;
• for the “high mountain” in-line stages
(art. 22-coeff. 3): 20-17-15-13-12-10-9-8-7-
6-5-4-3-2-1 points for the first 15 riders to
finish;
In the event of a dead heat in a stage finish,
the riders are credited with the number of
points they would receive, divided by the
number of riders concerned. These points
are then rounded up to the nearest ½ point.
• for the prologue and the individual time
trial stage (art.22-coeff. 4): 15-12-10-8-6-
5-4-3-2-1 points to the first 10 riders to
finish.
• for each intermediate sprint, the first
3 riders to finish will receive 6,4 and 2
points respectively. In the event of a tie
in the general ranking, the number of
stage victories are added up for each rider,
followed by the number of intermediate-
sprint victories; if there is still no
clear winner, the individual time ranking
is used. In order to appear in the general
points ranking, riders must finish the Tour
de France. In case competitors finishing
after the cut-off time are reinstated by
the race officials’ committee, the equivalent
of the points attributed to the winner
of the stage concerned will be removed
from the reinstated competitor’s score in
the overall individual points standings.
The reason for having fewer points available at the finish of the mountain stages is that there is another competition specifically for mountain finishes, the Polka-Dot Jersey.
Please remember, throughout history, the Green Jersey has been for a 'Points Competition' not a sprinter's competition. It is for points earned at specific locations on the course. While the rules give more points for the finish of a stage, that is just one of the designated places to gain points.
There has been an intermediate sprints classification, which from 1984 awarded a red jersey for points awarded to the first three to pass intermediate points during the stage. These sprints also scored points towards the green jersey and bonuses towards the general classification. The sprints remain, with points for the green jersey. The red jersey was abolished in 1989.
From 1968 there was a combination classification, scored on a points system based on standings for the yellow, green, red, and polka-dot jerseys. The design was originally white, then a patchwork with areas resembling each individual jersey design. This was also abolished in 1989.
The prix de la combativité goes to the rider who most animates the day, usually by trying to break clear of the field. The most combative rider wears a number printed white-on-red instead of black-on-white next day. An award goes to the most aggressive rider throughout the Tour. Already in 1908 a sort of combativity award was offered, when Sports Populaires and L'Education Physique created Le Prix du Courage, 100 francs and a silver gilt medal for "the rider having finished the course, even if unplaced, who is particularly distinguished for the energy he has used."[101][109] The modern competition started in 1958. In 1959, a Super Combativity award for the most combative cyclist of the Tour was awarded. It was initially not rewarded every year, but since 1981 it has been given annually.
The team prize is assessed by adding the time of each team's best three riders each day. The competition does not have its own jersey but since 2006 the leading team has worn numbers printed black-on-yellow. Until 1990, the leading team would wear yellow caps. The competition has existed from the start; the most successful trade team is Alcyon, which won from 1909 to 1912 and from 1927 to 1929. The best national teams are France and Belgium, with 10 wins each. From 1973 up to 1988, there was also a team classification based on points (stage classification); members of the leading team would wear green caps.
Some more history on the Green Jersey:
After scandals in the 1904 Tour de France, the rules of the 1905 Tour de France were changed: the winner was no longer determined by the time system, but with the points system. The cyclists received points, equal to their ranking in the stage, and the cyclist with the least points was the leader of the race. After the 1912 Tour de France, the system was changed back to the time system that is still in use.
In the 1953 Tour de France, to celebrate the 50th birthday of the Tour de France, the points system was reintroduced, but this time as an additional classification. Because the leader in the general classification wears a yellow jersey, the leader in the points classification also received a special jersey, a green jersey (French: maillot vert). The color green was chosen because the sponsor was a lawn mower producer.
In the first years, the cyclist only received penalty points for not finishing with a high place, so the cyclist with the least points was awarded the green jersey. From 1959 on, the system was changed so the cyclists were awarded points for high place finishes (with first place getting the most points, and lower placings getting successively fewer points), so the cyclist with the most points was awarded the green jersey.
In 1968 the jersey was red, to please the sponsor.
Whereas the yellow jersey is awarded for the lowest cumulative time in the race, the green jersey reflects points gained for high placings on each stage and intermediate "hot spots," especially during the flat stages of the Tour. The intermediate sprints were formerly for an additional red jersey, with the points for the green a 'side-effect'; however, this was later scrapped, and they are now part of the green jersey competition.
The points classification is widely thought of as the "sprinter's competition," since the riders generally remain together in one large peloton during flat stages, leaving those with the fastest acceleration at the end to fight for the stage win. However, to win the competition a rider will need a reasonable level of all-round skills as well as strong sprinting, since he will need to finish within the time limit on mountain stages to remain in contention, and ideally will be able to contest intermediate sprints during mountain stages as well.
So, as we can see, the Tour has used different systems for the Green Jersey in the past, and may change them in the future. There has been a combined category in the past, and there was previously separate competitions for final sprints and intermediate sprints. Who knows, if the economics of cycle racing change again, the additional categories may be brought back. For now, this is the way the Green Jersey competition is designed, whether we like it or not.
Sorry for the length of the post