What is the historical context for Surah 9 - At-Tawbah? It's easy to take a quote out of its context. You can make it say what you want then. But it's pretty dishonest, I must say.
The context is the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 or 6 AH). Before that Treaty the Muslims were already often persecuted by the other Meccans but the Treaty affirmed peace, .. for two years. In 630 the Banu Bakr tribe (allied with the Quraish - the Pagans) attacked the Khuza'a (allied with the Muslims) and the Quraish's supported them. They had just gone back on their words from the Treaty. They were at fault. Hence that order. The whole thing is of course explained in the Koran. It stands clear that the order is circumstantial. The Muslims did not kill the Pagans because they believed in idols or so, they did because they had broken their commitments.
On the other hand, the Surat Al-Baqarah (2nd one): 256 clearly states:
There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
There shall be no compulsion in religion! It's primary school level in Islam. It's unequivocally written, black on white in the Koran. So every kid raised in the Islamic culture knows that and has internalised it.
Those who claim otherwise are liars and are doing a dirty job at a moment when society is pretty much diversified and the slightest spark may create a civil war.
Also Surat 16 (I-nahl) says:
Invite (all) to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious: for thy Lord knoweth best, who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance.
Again, discuss with non-Muslim in ways that are most gracious. Some translations use the word "courtesy" ("with courtesy"). This again makes it clear that Muslims have to respect non-Muslims whatever their beliefs. Those who claim otherwise lie.
And I also wish to remind fellow Christians of this verse (Al Maidah 82):
You will surely find the most intense of the people in animosity toward the believers [to be] the Jews and those who associate others with Allah [the Pagans] ;
and you will find the nearest of them in affection to the believers those who say, "We are Christians." That is because among them are priests and monks and because they are not arrogant.
So please, don't fall into the Religious War trap that some are leading us to. Let us be wise and not put oil on fire.
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There has never been any genocide on the South American Continent (the Caraibeans are a different story), go figures. The Conquistadores had to cope with decadent Empires (Mayas, Incas, Azteques), which practiced human sacrifices on a wide scale, as Mel Gibson's film Apocalypto showed.
Under such circumstances, the Christian religion was a liberation for millions of Amerindians.
Ficino was a modern philosopher, influencing Descartes, whose work the Church constantly warned against and of course condemned. He was not Christian by any means!
"Man measures heaven and earth. [...] Who could deny that he almost has the same genius as the creator of these skies and that in some way he could create them, himself. Man will endeavour to command everywhere. He will endeavour to be as God, everywhere."
This sounds like crypto-atheism to me.
The Founding Fathers of the USA might have been deists but believed there existed a God that was reduced to an empty shell and that no longer commanded anything. So if George Washington wished to have hundreds of slaves, nothing could stop him. If Andrew Jackson wished to massacre the Indians, nothing could stop him. They are in the same category as atheists, for me.
There are three pillars in Freemasonry: nominalism (there's not one truth but several of them), naturalism (rejection of any revealed religion) and the primacy of man (Man is his own master). So Freemasonry is secularism. Washington, Jackson, Franklin, etc were secularists and not Christians/Protestants.