The Froome Files, test data only thread

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Oct 16, 2010
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first they harmoniously boast with the 2007 data, but then these don't appear in the peer reviewed text.

second (or actually first, chronologically)), there's the possible heart rate issue wrt the leaked ventoux data, with sky accusing people of misinterpreting the leaked data and calling everybody 'pseudoscientist' in the process, but then his max heart rate doesn't appear in the peerreviewed text either.

what a *** up!

Swart speaking to Cyclingtips post-Esquire release:
CT: The South African sport scientist Ross Tucker mentioned that there wasn’t an efficiency value. Will that come in the paper?

Yes, it will come in the paper, and so will a whole bunch of other data.
We did two tests in two different ambient conditions, basically step tests where each step was a longer duration that we did in the VO2 max test. In that test we measured core temperature, expired gasses, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, sweat production…there might have been other ones too.

This is what Ross Tucker had to say about the heart rate issue back in 2015:
About five days ago, Antoine Vayer, he who provoked Brailsford into calling performance analysis "pseudoscience", started to post graphs on Twitter showing Froome's power output and heart rate on his climb of Ventoux in 2013. They include an attack, off a base of long periods of 400W, up to 1000W, and maintaining 600W during attacks. During this period, his heart rate barely changes - 157 pre-attack, 161 post.

Next, someone industrious managed to take a file of the raw data and synchronize it to video footage of the ride, so that you could see, second by second, how speed, HR, altitude and power changed. It was fascinating to watch - in fact, it's a model for how the broadcast should look.

I'd love to provide you with the link to this video, but Sky's lawyers have had it removed, and the person who did this no longer has a Twitter account (whose doing, not sure - initial reports said it was legal action and suspended), which I find an absolutely extraordinary response. The data by itself didn't mean all that much, and if it was fabricated, just say so. Or heaven forbid, use the opportunity to explain and gain some points for the now extinct concept of transparency in the sport.

There are many possible explanations for the dislinkage between power output and HR, by the way. He may already have been very close to his maximal heart rate (but then you have to say, that's a mighty fine effort to ride Ventoux at 95% of max in the third week of a Grand Tour, and also to attack with a 250W increase off a maximum heart rate, four times, from a base of 400W. Not bad). Perhaps the HR was faulty, maybe it's irrelevant or typical for an elite rider attacking to peak power off threshold power. It's probably not worth overplaying.
Any chance Sky's lawyers also phoned Swart/GSK to have the max heart rate removed from the data set?
 
Re:

sniper said:
first they harmoniously boast with the 2007 data, but then these don't appear in the peer reviewed text.

second (or actually first, chronologically)), there's the possible heart rate issue wrt the leaked ventoux data, with sky accusing people of misinterpreting the leaked data and calling everybody 'pseudoscientist' in the process, but then his max heart rate doesn't appear in the peerreviewed text either.

what a **** up!

This was discussed at great length already and Dr. Swart gave his reasons for the exclusion. I think most people would've been highly critical if they had used the 2007 data.

viewtopic.php?p=1951145#p1951145

Considering your flippant and blatantly incorrect usage of that term, you aren't one to judge anybody else's use of 'pseudoscientist'.
 
well again it's more questions than answers

Froome and SKY have never seen test results (2007) which allegedly show him as a fat potential GT dominator...meanwhile he goes through a further 4 years being pack fodder, nearly getting fired and never going in a lab again...2 of which are with SKY (who Swart maintains are the ones who introduced science to the peloton) and he never goes near a testing rig or a wind tunnel...

who would have thunk it..................

meanwhile...in a bizarre reverse take..Wiggins wins the TDF and despite still being a pro 4 years later...never graces its start line again...

just like every other tour winner...never

sure are a conundrum that SKY team
 
gillan1969 said:
well again it's more questions than answers

Froome and SKY have never seen test results (2007) which allegedly show him as a fat potential GT dominator...meanwhile he goes through a further 4 years being pack fodder, nearly getting fired and never going in a lab again...2 of which are with SKY (who Swart maintains are the ones who introduced science to the peloton) and he never goes near a testing rig or a wind tunnel...

who would have thunk it..................

meanwhile...in a bizarre reverse take..Wiggins wins the TDF and despite still being a pro 4 years later...never graces its start line again...

just like every other tour winner...never

sure are a conundrum that SKY team

I would like a sourced quote for the bolded, please....
 
djpbaltimore said:
gillan1969 said:
well again it's more questions than answers

Froome and SKY have never seen test results (2007) which allegedly show him as a fat potential GT dominator...meanwhile he goes through a further 4 years being pack fodder, nearly getting fired and never going in a lab again...2 of which are with SKY (who Swart maintains are the ones who introduced science to the peloton) and he never goes near a testing rig or a wind tunnel...

who would have thunk it..................

meanwhile...in a bizarre reverse take..Wiggins wins the TDF and despite still being a pro 4 years later...never graces its start line again...

just like every other tour winner...never

sure are a conundrum that SKY team

I would like a sourced quote for the bolded, please....

I paraphrase..suffice to say other teams are not as on the ball scientifically until team sky came along....probably even discussed on this thread somewhere..sniper always has a quote to hand when you need one??? :)
 
gillan1969 said:
djpbaltimore said:
gillan1969 said:
well again it's more questions than answers

Froome and SKY have never seen test results (2007) which allegedly show him as a fat potential GT dominator...meanwhile he goes through a further 4 years being pack fodder, nearly getting fired and never going in a lab again...2 of which are with SKY (who Swart maintains are the ones who introduced science to the peloton) and he never goes near a testing rig or a wind tunnel...

who would have thunk it..................

meanwhile...in a bizarre reverse take..Wiggins wins the TDF and despite still being a pro 4 years later...never graces its start line again...

just like every other tour winner...never

sure are a conundrum that SKY team

I would like a sourced quote for the bolded, please....

I paraphrase..suffice to say other teams are not as on the ball scientifically until team sky came along....probably even discussed on this thread somewhere..sniper always has a quote to hand when you need one??? :)

Yes, he made those comments here on this forum stating T-Mobile (as he worked with them) never used science nor ONCE. Then I provided a YouTube link and pictures of the entire T-Mobile squad (including RIIS) doing vo2 max testing, position testing, aerodynamic testing etc.

I'll go back a few pages and find the link..
 
Oct 16, 2010
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it's quite a fair paraphrasing of things he's said on here and on twitter and in podcasts.
the example hog refers to:
Jeroen Swart said:
...
As to why nobody got on top of the weight? I don't have any details as to what transpired. Surely the same could have been said for UIrich and many others. In my experience, many of the top teams were not at all invested in science. They would pay the riders lots of money and tell them to make sure they were in shape. Telekom being a prime example. Some still do these days but most of the teams have become much more invested in the science.
 
Here it is:

Jeroen Swart wrote:

I cannot answer any of those questions as I don't have specifics. When I refer to scientists, I refer to the fact that they well published and active in science. I assume the purpose of the test at the time was as a baseline for the UCI development squad. In which case they were acting as exercise physiologists. But as you point out. It is semantics.

As to why nobody got on top of the weight? I don't have any details as to what transpired. Surely the same could have been said for UIrich and many others. In my experience, many of the top teams were not at all invested in science. They would pay the riders lots of money and tell them to make sure they were in shape. Telekom being a prime example. Some still do these days but most of the teams have become much more invested in the science.

Per Telekom; these are scenes from a 1997 training camp, the science looks very much "invested" in the entire team, mullet hairdos included :surprised:

3492xsh.jpg


289zyno.jpg


33vg7lv.jpg


https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=t90xWr6Cv7A
 
thanks sniper and hog

a question Swart might have asked Froome is that if he thinks the following

"On his visit to the lab, Froome said, “This was my first time to the GSK Human Performance Lab and it has been pretty mind-blowing. Just the level of detail involved in everything here, it really is cutting edge technology.”

One of the reasons he approached the lab was to measure and advance his progression. By carrying out the sort of physiological assessments he performed at the lab, Froome will be able to better understand his body’s performance and how he can use that science to ensure he remains at the top of cycling.

The reigning Tour de France champion said, “The main objective for me coming to the lab was to get my baseline data and an understanding of what enables me to be able to perform the way I do on the bike. This is where I could find the half a percent that I need to win a race. It could be the difference between winning and losing.”


why has he never done this with the team that leaves no stone un-turned to get improvements

its as though they just make stuff up :)
 
Here is another quote that disproves what was posted. Sky is not even mentioned.

viewtopic.php?p=1951159#p1951159

You can take any Dutch, Belgian, Italian, Russian and Spanish team (Once included). None used any science in that era. They all stuck rigidly to traditional methods. I put the onus on you to show otherwise.

The inclusion of science started with the Anglo Saxon teams. Garmin, USPS etc. It spread from there.
 
Oct 16, 2010
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gillan1969 said:
thanks sniper and hog

a question Swart might have asked Froome is that if he thinks the following

"On his visit to the lab, Froome said, “This was my first time to the GSK Human Performance Lab and it has been pretty mind-blowing. Just the level of detail involved in everything here, it really is cutting edge technology.”

One of the reasons he approached the lab was to measure and advance his progression. By carrying out the sort of physiological assessments he performed at the lab, Froome will be able to better understand his body’s performance and how he can use that science to ensure he remains at the top of cycling.

The reigning Tour de France champion said, “The main objective for me coming to the lab was to get my baseline data and an understanding of what enables me to be able to perform the way I do on the bike. This is where I could find the half a percent that I need to win a race. It could be the difference between winning and losing.”


why has he never done this with the team that leaves no stone un-turned to get improvements

its as though they just make stuff up :)
lol, nice pointe.
 
Re:

djpbaltimore said:
Here is another quote that disproves what was posted. Sky is not even mentioned.

viewtopic.php?p=1951159#p1951159

You can take any Dutch, Belgian, Italian, Russian and Spanish team (Once included). None used any science in that era. They all stuck rigidly to traditional methods. I put the onus on you to show otherwise.

The inclusion of science started with the Anglo Saxon teams. Garmin, USPS etc. It spread from there.

ONCE never used science? :cool:

ONCE warming up before a race! I thought that was a Sky invention? They even had heart rate monitors! :lol:

dxo2g7.png


2u7x500.png
 
Re: Re:

thehog said:
djpbaltimore said:
Here is another quote that disproves what was posted. Sky is not even mentioned.

viewtopic.php?p=1951159#p1951159

You can take any Dutch, Belgian, Italian, Russian and Spanish team (Once included). None used any science in that era. They all stuck rigidly to traditional methods. I put the onus on you to show otherwise.

The inclusion of science started with the Anglo Saxon teams. Garmin, USPS etc. It spread from there.

ONCE never used science? :cool:

ONCE warming up before a race! I thought that was a Sky invention? They even had heart rate monitors! :lol:

Nice deflection. But the point in question was whether SKY brought science to the sport. That claim was disproved by the post from Dr. Swart that I linked to. See the bolded.
 
Oct 16, 2010
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Neither do I think Asker Jeukendrup will be pleased with the claim Rabobank wasn't using science when Asker was there between 1996 and 2004.
 
Oct 16, 2010
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Re: Re:

djpbaltimore said:
...
Nice deflection. But the point in question was whether SKY brought science to the sport. That claim was disproved by the post from Dr. Swart that I linked to. See the bolded.
no, that wasn't the point in question. You desperately tried to make it the point in question, as a means to deflect away from the point Gillan was making ;)
It was even between brackets in Gillan's original post:
viewtopic.php?p=2000352#p2000352
 
More deflection. I asked for specific evidence, and I am given nothing related to what I asked. I find the evidence by myself and discover that the assertion was hyperbole. If you don't want to be called out for posting things that are not factually supportable... don't post things that you don't know to be true. Simple....
 
Oct 16, 2010
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so indeed you deflected by focusing on something that had no bearing on the point being made.
why didn't you just say so.
 
Alex Simmons/RST said:
That does not mean PPO = power at VO2max. An incremental test to exhaustion form which one obtains PPO, will also elicit a state of VO2max in the process.

VO2max can be elicited at a range of power outputs. e.g. ride at threshold +10% and you'll also elicit a state of VO2max. It just takes longer.

Sure, but that’s why a ramp test is usually done, so that oxygen consumption and power go up more or less together.

Or change the slope of the power demand (e.g. 20W/min) and you get a different PPO but still obtain the same VO2max result.

I’ve never taken one of these tests, so don’t speak from experience, but it seems to me that regardless if the ramp is 20 or 30, one is going to hit about the same end point. So if one hits at 450 using a ramp of 30, I would think one would stop at 440 or 460 using 20, which is just a 2% difference.

And the V02max won’t necessarily be exactly the same, either. Any ramp test has some degree of arbitrariness.

I don’t want to quibble over this, but Swart himself obviously took the PPO he determined fairly seriously. From The Hardest Road:

“Chris’s peak power is 525 watts, which corresponds to 7.51w/kg: a massive figure,” Swart continues. “But the interesting thing is that the [sustained] figure of 6w/kg — which is basically what he produced in the lab — is 79.8 per cent of his peak power. That’s a completely reasonable percentage.”

He thought it was valid enough to compare it with sustained power.

There is no way Froome has an AWC in excess of 100kJ!
Something very wrong with the AWC values quoted in that paper.

They were estimated from climbing data, so problems in both the climbing data (effect of weather conditions, e.g.), as well as in the assumptions of the model, could result in values that are far off from actual anaerobic reserves. If there are problems, it’s not just Froome, but in the whole approach, as there are two other estimated values that would be > 100, with the others I guess in the 50-80 range, depending on the riders’ weights. And all of the values are at least twice what studies have found with non-elite athletes, but it’s reasonable to expect elite riders would be at least somewhat higher.

But if you just take the upper end of the studies of non-elite athletes, about 0.4 kJ/kg, that is more than twice what you estimate for Froome from the power data (which is obviously a very rough estimate). For a 30 minute climb, that is an extra .22 watt/kg. Not trivial when he already is at an aerobic level that some regard as suspicious.

Tucker is more interested in being known than being right.

Based on what? I’d say he’s interested in trying to be right.
 
Re:

djpbaltimore said:
More deflection. I asked for specific evidence, and I am given nothing related to what I asked. I find the evidence by myself and discover that the assertion was hyperbole. If you don't want to be called out for posting things that are not factually supportable... don't post things that you don't know to be true. Simple....

ok djp it was a lazy paraphrase...conceded

however...and as sniper alludes to

what Swart actually says makes my point even more emphatic

if science didn't come into the peloton until USPS then here we have SKY, a team whom we are led to believe have it in their DNA, have a guy who, if they had used the 'science' others were using a decade before would have realised they had a fat GT dominator on their books...an outlier...

did they test him?...no
did they weigh him?....no
did they put him in a wind tunnel?...no

However....

did they stop him eating nutella?....yes
did they make him use his own pillows?...yes
wash his hands?...yes

Go figure................................................
 
Re:

sniper said:
so indeed you deflected by focusing on something that had no bearing on the point being made.
why didn't you just say so.

Noted. DBJ just doing his normal obscurification.

The entire "science" never existed in the doping era because they concentrated on doping not training. Sky provide attention to detail which means they don't need to dope, they get the same gains from science and attention to detail.
 
Re: Re:

gillan1969 said:
ok djp it was a lazy paraphrase...conceded

however...and as sniper alludes to

what Swart actually says makes my point even more emphatic

if science didn't come into the peloton until USPS then here we have SKY, a team whom we are led to believe have it in their DNA, have a guy who, if they had used the 'science' others were using a decade before would have realised they had a fat GT dominator on their books...an outlier...

did they test him?...no
did they weigh him?....no
did they put him in a wind tunnel?...no

However....

did they stop him eating nutella?....yes
did they make him use his own pillows?...yes
wash his hands?...yes

Go figure................................................
Thank you, I appreciate that statement. Dr. Swart is a poster on this forum and his arguments should not be twisted to say something that they did not.

The rest is mostly off-topic and there is no need to rehash points discussed ad nauseum in the Froome thread. The sky scientific bent seems to be focused on Watts more than anything else.

As for the old school 'Science'. I keep hearing from posters about how 'scientific testing' and the like from the 1970s and 1980s was a euphemism for 'doping'. But now when it suits people, the science done in that time period really was meaningful.
 
May 20, 2009
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Re: Re:

Alex Simmons/RST said:
bigcog said:
I am surprised Tucker hasn't said anything about this or has he ? Or has he decided it's probably not a good idea to look like a tit amongst sports science community ?
Tucker is more interested in being known than being right. Still, I'm looking forward to his analysis of performance in Rugby 7s and how that clearly tells us about doping.

Tucker here, hi Simmons, all

As to the paper, yeah, I read it, and apologies for not commenting on it yet - been working and trying to follow the Olympics. I'm not sure what I am supposed to say in order to look like a tit amongst the sports science community, but since you asked...

I think a solid paper, but then we always knew it would be, didn't we? It's a good group of scientists, whose credibility is among the best, and who have a track record of excellent work. I know Jeroen and Ken, and in particular have worked a lot with Jeroen, and he's at the top of this field. Even if we don't alway agree, we pull in the same direction and there's room to disagree, even about data.

I think the study design is clean, they measured the right things, they get the expected results. It's a pity about the heart rate,but those things do happen and I see no reason to read any more into that than a failure of signal. Maybe in hindsight a backup plan would have been good, given the unique occasion of this testing, but that's easy to say in hindsight.

As to the results, the value lies in the interpretation against the historical context, and that lies beyond the scope of a scientific publication. Or at least, this one. You can see in the discussion of the paper that there is obviously a good deal of interpretation against the known literature, but the kind of discussion happening here, and elsewhere in the sport, is not the type you'd expect in the paper, and so you would forgive that group of scientists for not going there, as it were.

For instance, the debate around just losing the fat invites the kind of analysis that I saw had already been offered here, about what Froome's power output relative to weight changes meant for him prior to his 2011 transformation. You can't really expect to see that in the discussion of this paper. Similarly, how Sky missed this pearl of a cyclist given what was incredible physiology obscured by bad diet and fat prior to the 2011 Vuelta is a separate issue.

The main interpretative aspect, of course, is whether this once-off testing tells you anything about the validity of Froome's performances, and of course it does not. All it tells you, or rather confirms, is that the physiology of the cyclist who is currently winning Grand Tours is remarkable. You don't need a lab to know that, though it's nice to confirm. It's rather like if you put a box on the table in front of someone, there are only so many ways to describe the box, and that's what this paper has done as well as you can expect - it's described what the performances suggested would be possible. What it can't do is describe what's in the box, or rather more pertinently, how it got there. The notion that the testing would ever conclusively show anything was a misnomer, and if you thought that I was arguing for this, then I do think comprehension lessons might be in order.

The exercise is thus confirmatory, rather than revelationary. And that is, to be honest, part of the reason why I haven't commented on the publication of the paper - we knew last year what had been found, with the exception of the efficiency, which now completes the picture of that "box". This is a good case study of an elite endurance athlete, one of the best ever tested, and it has been done soundly.

One thing I would say, given that some of us "pseudoscientists" made predictions about what physiology would be required to produce 6W/kg for 30 min in the Tour, this paper pretty neatly confirms that those predictions were accurate. So it's vindication for the idea that you can model physiology based on performance, and vice versa. Which is pretty obvious, but nevertheless, nice to see data confirming hypotheses.

Next, regarding 7s, Simmons, if you have any specific questions you'd like to ask, do let me know. Happy to explain a few things to you. I'm not sure what you were getting at about doping. I think you were trying to be snide, or make a joke, or both. And as for being known, given that you know nothing about me, I'd be cautious about assuming my motives.

Other than that, yeah, a good test by good scientists, and I only wish it could be part of a series on elite endurance champions, or that a paper might be written comparing them to one another. Sorry if I'm treating it somewhat superficially, but I am juggling a few other things and I can't always devote the time to do in-depth analyses or to post longer thoughts.

Ross
 
Re: Re:

The Science of Sport said:
Alex Simmons/RST said:
bigcog said:
I am surprised Tucker hasn't said anything about this or has he ? Or has he decided it's probably not a good idea to look like a tit amongst sports science community ?
Tucker is more interested in being known than being right. Still, I'm looking forward to his analysis of performance in Rugby 7s and how that clearly tells us about doping.

Tucker here, hi Simmons, all

As to the paper, yeah, I read it, and apologies for not commenting on it yet - been working and trying to follow the Olympics. I'm not sure what I am supposed to say in order to look like a tit amongst the sports science community, but since you asked...

I think a solid paper, but then we always knew it would be, didn't we? It's a good group of scientists, whose credibility is among the best, and who have a track record of excellent work. I know Jeroen and Ken, and in particular have worked a lot with Jeroen, and he's at the top of this field. Even if we don't alway agree, we pull in the same direction and there's room to disagree, even about data.

I think the study design is clean, they measured the right things, they get the expected results. It's a pity about the heart rate,but those things do happen and I see no reason to read any more into that than a failure of signal. Maybe in hindsight a backup plan would have been good, given the unique occasion of this testing, but that's easy to say in hindsight.

As to the results, the value lies in the interpretation against the historical context, and that lies beyond the scope of a scientific publication. Or at least, this one. You can see in the discussion of the paper that there is obviously a good deal of interpretation against the known literature, but the kind of discussion happening here, and elsewhere in the sport, is not the type you'd expect in the paper, and so you would forgive that group of scientists for not going there, as it were.

For instance, the debate around just losing the fat invites the kind of analysis that I saw had already been offered here, about what Froome's power output relative to weight changes meant for him prior to his 2011 transformation. You can't really expect to see that in the discussion of this paper. Similarly, how Sky missed this pearl of a cyclist given what was incredible physiology obscured by bad diet and fat prior to the 2011 Vuelta is a separate issue.

The main interpretative aspect, of course, is whether this once-off testing tells you anything about the validity of Froome's performances, and of course it does not. All it tells you, or rather confirms, is that the physiology of the cyclist who is currently winning Grand Tours is remarkable. You don't need a lab to know that, though it's nice to confirm. It's rather like if you put a box on the table in front of someone, there are only so many ways to describe the box, and that's what this paper has done as well as you can expect - it's described what the performances suggested would be possible. What it can't do is describe what's in the box, or rather more pertinently, how it got there. The notion that the testing would ever conclusively show anything was a misnomer, and if you thought that I was arguing for this, then I do think comprehension lessons might be in order.

The exercise is thus confirmatory, rather than revelationary. And that is, to be honest, part of the reason why I haven't commented on the publication of the paper - we knew last year what had been found, with the exception of the efficiency, which now completes the picture of that "box". This is a good case study of an elite endurance athlete, one of the best ever tested, and it has been done soundly.

One thing I would say, given that some of us "pseudoscientists" made predictions about what physiology would be required to produce 6W/kg for 30 min in the Tour, this paper pretty neatly confirms that those predictions were accurate. So it's vindication for the idea that you can model physiology based on performance, and vice versa. Which is pretty obvious, but nevertheless, nice to see data confirming hypotheses.

Next, regarding 7s, Simmons, if you have any specific questions you'd like to ask, do let me know. Happy to explain a few things to you. I'm not sure what you were getting at about doping. I think you were trying to be snide, or make a joke, or both. And as for being known, given that you know nothing about me, I'd be cautious about assuming my motives.

Other than that, yeah, a good test by good scientists, and I only wish it could be part of a series on elite endurance champions, or that a paper might be written comparing them to one another. Sorry if I'm treating it somewhat superficially, but I am juggling a few other things and I can't always devote the time to do in-depth analyses or to post longer thoughts.

Ross

Ross
thanks....your thoughts always appreciated.....

However, to the bolded...

the testing and paper was at the subject's, rather than the author's, behest...this must therefore draw into question the motive...as you concede, the results are not a surprise...everyone knew what they would be..so can the paper not be subject to a wider and deeper analysis?

and...are you not falling into the very trap that some believe has been set....he is one of "the best" because, hey..look, we have these test result from some really good scientists...with the paucity of previous data...you've made the assumption of 'best'...presumably because of results...and we all know how GT results are usually achieved...

HOW he became one of the best, post-transformation, still remains the unanswered question which some think this paper is designed to obfuscate
 
Welcome, Ross, I'm a fan of yours, nice to see you posting here.

Just two comments. First, did we really know how this was going to come out? Given the disconnect between pre- and post-2011, there were always two possibilities, it seems to me. He either had a physiology that is consistent with what he's doing now, but not with what he did earlier, or vice-versa. The first seems to be the case, but the mystery of why he didn't perform better before remains. The weight loss does not seem to account for the difference in performance, and it doesn't help that his reported weights are all over the map. Just one example out of many: Swart said in an interview following the release of the preliminary report last year that Froome had raced at 67 kg since 2011. But Grappe reported a value of 69 kg, never more than 1 kg less, for that period.

Second, you say that this confirms what you have been saying about the physiology needed to perform as he has. I think that's mostly correct, but you are on record saying that anything above about 6 .2 - 6.3 watts/kg for 30-40 minutes is very suspicious. Technically, Swart's study doesn't show that Froome is better than that, but if you assume he preserved his V02max and threshold power at his racing weight--and Swart thought that was reasonable enough to provide numbers based on that--then he is definitely suspicious. Swart's sustainable power at 67 kg would be about 6.4, and that's assuming he couldn't go higher beyond 4 mM lactate, which is at least a possibility. And using the hot/humid GE, his V02 max and assuming a threshold at 90%, we're up to 6.5. Even for just 20 minutes that seems to cross your line.