i am not an economist nor a financial pro, but will dare to say that while the us and russian economies have their own significant ills, comparing them on an apple-to-apple basis can lead astray.
the main difference in how 2 countries approach and plan their finances i see in the ability to borrow, both in the private and gov't sectors.
russia is under the sanctions and is being squeezed by the collapsed of oil/natural gas prices. so, they must run a tighter ship - reduce expenditures, raise budget deficit, improve economic efficiency or all of the above... that's what they are actually doing... clearly their domestic borrowing while the inflation (and correspondingly, interest rates) run at 10%+ is far inferior (more expensive) to borrowing from the western banks where inflation is 3 to 4 times lower. since many western banks wont lend due to sanctions, russian business look out to other lenders (china) or to their govt (to either supply rubles or raise capital by selling foreign currency they have plenty of in the reserve and sovereign funds). so the russian debt (both absolute and relative to the gdp or the state budget) is rising, but is nowhere near as ugly-looking as in the us. but neither can vlad print rubles with the same irresponsibility the the federal reserve can print $$ b/c unlike the world reserve currency - no one needs his rubles...
another big push they have been trying to implement is the so called 'import substitution'. that is, replacing wherever possible and as fast as possible imported goods and services with the domestic ones. of course, this is supposed to stimulate the economy, but depending on who one reads, the results are so far between mixed to not much, except the agree culture where they seem to have done well.
so, if we forgo the undue comparisons with the us economy, where do they stand economically ?
what i have been able to glean from various sources, is that they aren't as bad as the skeptics in the west want us to believe and they sure aren't doing as well as their state propaganda says. the economy while it seem to have bottomed, ain't growing either. neither this year, nor likely in 2017.. the inflation is definitely coming down to have likely settled at 7-8% by the year end. the unemployment is stable at around 5-6%.
the state currency reserves are still plentiful to patch over any budget holes for at least few more years. the banking system according to most western sources is healthy and improving as they let the weak institutions fail.
they don't seem able or are too slow to diversify from the primarily oil-based economy into a multi-layered one.
although, i understand the proportion of the oil-related revenue in the state budget had been sliding.
it would be fair to characterize the russian economy as 3d world if not for such peculiarities as very well developed industries in space, nuclear, defense, metallurgy...and still well educated populace.