2009 Interview:
'I always analysed my performance, looking for ways to improve,' says Chris. 'But I seemed to fatigue faster than other competitors. For years we assumed that I needed to improve my climbing skills because I would fall back in the later mountainous stages. 'But in 1996, I entered a race in Spain where the mountains came first and I performed very well - so my climbing skills weren't at fault. I was scratching my head until the following year, when my team doctor analysed previous blood tests and recognised a persistently low level of testosterone.' Although low levels of testosterone were noted before, it was assumed this was only because of Chris's excessive training. But his doctor discovered a persistent pattern both in and out of training and said he would normally recommend that a patient with such low levels have a bone scan.
When Chris returned to England in late 1997 he was referred to the head of metabolic bone disease at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital where a scan revealed a density level below normal. Chris was recommended HRT.
'Testosterone supplements were banned in cycling and classed as a performance-enhancing drug,' he says. 'So I applied to the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in early 1998 to be allowed the therapy on medical grounds, supplying scans to support my case. They said they thought it would be fine but then Festina happened.'
'Festina' was the drugs busts during the 1998 Tour de France. French police raided team hotels and confiscated a haul of banned substances, arresting a member of the Festina team. Cyclists pulled out of the race in droves, which that year was dubbed the 'Tour of Shame' . 'The UCI had to tighten up after the scandal and so they denied me permission,' he says. 'I would have to stop my career for the treatment or carry on.