Yes, as DW notes, several studies have provided some evidence that efficiency and V02max tend to be inversely correlated. The relationship isn't really logical, it's empirical. Tucker says, "if you are very efficient, then the demand for oxygen is lower, even at maximum exercise, so your VO2max tends to be lower." That assumes that there is some constant energy level that has to be maintained, but of course there isn't. The greater the energy created, the more power. IOW, an elite athlete will have a higher demand for oxygen than an amateur, and so could certainly benefit from both greater V02max and greater efficiency.
There could be an evolutionary logic behind an inverse relationship, though. Taking in oxygen, transporting it to the muscles, and converting it to energy has limits, even in an elite athlete. There are metabolic costs to having larger lungs and heart, more blood vessel area, and larger muscles. The most powerful of our ancestors may have run up against these limits, which would have resulted in selection pressure for an inverse relationship. IOW, there would be diminishing returns for greater energy at some point, so that the ideal individual would have an energy output within some broad range. Under these conditions, the highest V02max values would tend to be associated with lower efficiencies, and vice-versa. Not because logically the one goes with the other, but because as a matter of survival, higher values of one may have had greater survival value if they were associated with lower values of the other.
Some other comments on Tucker's article:
If I had to make some informed predictions, a rider who can produce those performances would require a VO2max between 85 ml/kg/min and 90 ml/kg/min, in combination with efficiency of between 23% and 23.5%. He could get away with a lower VO2max (smaller engine) if his efficiency is much higher, and vice-versa, but I suspect we'll see pretty much what's expected at the top end of what is known of human physiology.
This is exactly the V02max range I suggested earlier And I would add, Froome would have trouble with a higher V02max, as is would raise questions (even more than will be in any case) of why he wasn't better before 2011.
What would help is the pairing of this data with biological data, as well as more data over time (which, apparently doesn't exist, as Froome reportedly never did a VO2max test with Sky). However, biological data does, both from the passport and what would be regular medical checks by the cyclist...
That's especially true if we see the 'chapters' from 2007 and 2015. The only way to link those is to provide biological data that would make the bilharzia (and asthma) a plausible explanation.
If Tucker is saying that seeing data from both periods would allow us to evaluate how much effect schisto had on him, I have to assume he hasn't followed the schisto story very closely. As Hitch in particular has documented, there are major inconsistencies in that story that seriously undercut its plausibility for his improved performance in 2011. Froome isn't going to be able to point to lower values in 2007 and say, these occurred at the same time that my blood system was compromised with schisto, because we already know from what he has said that there is no correlation. He was being treated for schisto well after his transformation in 2011, indeed, one of his treatments came not long after his original Vuelta surprise. Furthermore, someone, was it Walsh? Grappe? I don't remember who, but someone claimed to have seen his passport values pre-2011, and said they were completely normal. Not to mention that the five treatments he has owned up to are virtually unprecedented and unexplainable for anyone with the disease.
I have no doubt that the testing will have been done to the highest standards. I know one of the researchers personally (Jeroen Swart) and I believe him to be one of the best physiologists in the world in cycling, and also someone who is sincere and who has integrity. I don't know what process was followed, or whether there were conditions that had to be met, but I believe that Jeroen is a trustworthy scientist, to the point that I think the data produced will be beyond reproach. Similarly, I know Ken van Someren who heads up the laboratory, and I've no reason to doubt his sincerity either.
Fair enough. Since Tucker pointed out earlier in this piece that the data aren't going to show that Froome either doped or is clean, there's no reason why the researchers shouldn't be trustworthy.