As far as "state action" for the USADA and other governing bodies of athletics.
United States v. Thomas, 612 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2010)
Jurisdiction?
Gahan v. United States Amateur Confederation of Roller Skating, 382 F. Supp. 2d 1127 (D. Neb. 2005)
The court, "There are procedures for the speedy resolution of "doping" disputes and they include a review board's determination and a subsequent arbitration proceeding prior to an athlete being barred from competition by the United States Amateur Confederation of Roller Skating."
The United States Anti-Doping Agency's (USADA) Protocol For Olympic Movement Testing provides that an amateur athlete is entitled to, among other things, a review of his test results by the USADA Anti-Doping Review Board. USADA Protocol, § 9. USADA's Protocol provides that, following receipt of the Review Board's recommendations, an athlete has 10 days following notice of the same, to request a hearing to contest the sanction sought by USADA. USADA Protocol, § 10. This hearing does indeed take place, in the United States before the American Arbitration Association. USADA Protocol, § 10. The USADA Protocol also prohibits an association from imposing any sanctions on the amateur athlete until the athlete or other person has had the opportunity for a hearing pursuant to § 10(b) of the Protocol. USADA Protocol, § 10(g).
"As a result of the Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act, 36 U.S.C.S. § 220501 et seq., and related "due process" procedures, the legal test for injunctive relief is very hard to meet. Intervention is appropriate only in the most extraordinary circumstances, where an association has clearly beached its own rules, that breach will imminently result in serious and irreparable harm to the plaintiff, and the plaintiff has exhausted all internal remedies."