Some points:
1) Neither Curry nor GS came out of nowhere. Curry was an All-American in college, setting scoring records, and was drafted seventh in 2009. He was expected to be good. Now in his seventh season, he already has the top three and the sixth all-time three point seasons, and is no. 25 already on the career list. This despite missing most of one season with ankle problems that plagued his early career. (This is why he's the lowest paid starter on the team; he was considered an injury risk when he signed a long-term contract). So he's been at near-MVP level for several years.
GS has been also very good for the past several years. In 2012-13, they were the conference's sixth seed, and won their first round playoff series. In the second round, they went up against the mighty Spurs, and had the series tied 2-2 before Curry went down again. In 2013-14, they lost in the first round to a very good Clippers team. Their rise coincided with hiring Kerr as HC. He instituted a system very similar to that of the Spurs, which have been one of the consistently best teams in any American pro sport for nearly twenty years.
2) That said, both Curry and GS have clearly taken it up a notch this year. Curry is slightly more accurate from three point range than he was in the past, while taking many more shots, many of them from fairly far beyond the arc. Since he's just 27 years old, though, he should be entering his peak years. And while he's clearly well above the rest of the league in long-distance shooting, that kind of shooting is on the increase, with teams emphasizing it more, and players feeling the need to add it to their repertoire. Curry doesn't actually even lead the NBA in three point %, though the two players ahead of him take far fewer shots than he does, which means they're set up and usually don't have someone in their face. (But one of those guys, J.J Redick, is having a curiously outstanding year of his own, and if Curry's prowess is suspicious, so is Redick's).
3) PEDs can certainly help NBA players. There has been much discussion about how the schedule is too brutal, that the players don't get enough rest during the season, that they're sleep-deprived, their hormonal levels drop, etc. The Warriors and the Spurs, well aware of this, make every effort to rest their starters late in the game when they have a big lead, and sometimes risk losing a game by holding a key player out (the Warriors lost one of their games when Curry didn't play, and another when Green didn't; the Spurs lost a game without Leonard, and got blown out by the Warriors when Duncan wasn't playing). I would assume that lots of players are taking illegal substances to enhance recovery, keep them alert, and so on.
But I don't know any PEDs that would improve accuracy of shooting. The comparison is made to snipers or archers, but in those sports the athlete gets the chance to still his body and choose the exact moment of shooting. In basketball, of course, this is not possible, and one of the things that makes Curry extraordinary is that he is in an even more fluid situation. While most three point shooters set up at the line, and take the shot after the ball is passed to them, Curry takes many shots (like that game winner vs. OKC) off the dribble, which is incredibly difficult to do (this is what allows him to take more shots per game than anyone else, yet still be among the leaders in % made). I honestly don't know a PED that might increase his accuracy in that situation. Amphetamine or a similar drug possibly, but I really doubt it would have that much of an effect. It would keep a player sharp throughout the game, maybe maximize whatever innate talent he has for accuracy, but I don't see that it would enhance accuracy much beyond natural, rested levels.
Keep in mind that a lot of Curry's success is just quickness in avoiding defenders. There are a lot of players, not just in the NBA, but in college and HS, who can hit a fairly high % of shots from three point range, if they're selective and only take the shot when they've set up and there's no defender close. What makes Curry different is mostly his ability to create space so that in effect he's shooting without a defender in his face.