Interesting that XC skiing has a worse reputation then pro-cycling!
https://cyclinguptodate.com/cycling...moglobin-with-extraordinary-oxygen-absorption
According to studies carried out by Franck Zal, the worm has developed a special hemoglobin which can absorb a quantity of oxygen 40 times greater than that of humans. But above all, it is not so easily traceable.
According to some experts, it has already been used since 2019 and only recently has a method been found to identify it. Among the first sports to be suspected are skiing, so much so that it was already used at the
World Championships in Sweden three years ago (2019 Åre I suppose the reference is to) , but there is suspicion that it was also used in
cycling.
Researcher Marc Kluscinszyski explained almost two years ago: "We need to update the biological passport, because it deals with what happens in a red blood cell. These hemoglobins, however, provide hemoglobin, but outside the globular compartment, so blood control is completely bypassed."
Also the anti-dopers have to be quick to test or have some inside information ...
https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/marine-worm-haemoglobin-could-be-the-new-frontier-of-blood-doping/
The Cycling Anti-doping Foundation carried out the reanalysis of 800 in-and out-of-competition blood and urine samples after Operation Aderlass but the CADF said none discovered a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC). HBOC are banned under the WADA anti-doping code but the lugworm haemoglobin is difficult to detect due to its very short half-life.
Any anti-doping blood tests would have to be taken immediately after races with a threshold for the banned substance also a possible problem. Blood samples are often taken from race winners and race leaders after races but usually only an hour or so after the finish and podium obligations.
Anti-doping rules now allow for testing during the night when justified and some teams underwent surprise anti-doping blood tests just an hour before the start of some races in 2023.
“Sea worm haemoglobin works very quickly in the body after injection but it also has a very short lifespan,” Adeline Molina of the L’Agence française de lutte contre le dopage (AFLD) told
l’Equipe. “This is a product to look for in competition. But it is visible in a blood test.”