Here's what we know based on the direct quotes and facts we have:
- Froome did the Madone in a time between 32 and 33 minutes;
- According to Kerrison, at one stage Froome did the ride using aero bars (possibly the same ride, but we can't be sure);
- Froome weighs approximately 67kg;
- Armstrong did his record time of 30:45 using a road bike;
- The Madone is 13.6km long at an average gradient of 6.7%.
Ignoring possible wind effects, which could be positive or negative, here's what this all translates to:
If Froome was using aero bars during his quickest time, his power output would have been between 6.25 and 6.35 W/kg. If he was using a normal road bike, his power output would have been between 6.4 and 6.55 W/kg.
When Armstrong did his best time, his power output would have been around the 7 W/kg mark.
Considering Froome would have been doing the climb fresh, and not after 5+ hours of a Tour de France, these values are within the physiologically possible range and around what we'll see from a few riders in the first ITT. If Froome is 24% efficient and was riding at 90% of his maximum effort, this performance predicts a VO2max of around 84-85 ml/kg/min. Very, very good, as you'd expect, but plausible.