It's not a rabbit whole. Doping simply has not gone away. Course design or no course design, speeds simply don't keep increasing in the age of "clean cycling." There has been enough variety in courses to gleen the big picture, which suggests a sport no cleaner than before. After things like the bio passpprt and MPCC we should have seen, at the very least, a leveling off, but really a lowering, of average velocity. Yet not only did that not happen, but races actually have been ridden faster. No marginal gains can account for it in the absence of pharmacological enhancement, which means doping. And not just Vingegaard, but systematic practice throughout the peleton. Ricco and others have talked about new as yet undetectable porducts and, of course, genetic doping, which for a decade or so has been discussed as the new e frontier of illicit performance enhancement, which only the mega budgets would have access to.