At the
Olympic Games and the
Tour de France,
different organizations are responsible for doping controls, even though they all operate under the same international rules — the
World Anti-Doping Code (WADA Code).
Olympic Games
- Doping controls are handled by the International Testing Agency (ITA).
- The ITA is an independent organization that conducts doping tests on behalf of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Tour de France
- For the Tour de France, responsibility lies with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) — the world governing body of cycling.
- The UCI also cooperates with the International Testing Agency (ITA). Since 2021, the ITA has been conducting doping controls on behalf of the UCI, including those during the Tour de France.
In short
- Olympics: ITA → on behalf of the IOC
- Tour de France: ITA → on behalf of the UCI
So, the
ITA is involved in both cases, but the
governing bodies are different (IOC vs. UCI)
UCI + UAE = business partner = no problem as the UCI doesn´t want to lose his best asset (Pogi), the UAE Tour, World Tour teams and the venue for future World Championships (2028).
IOC = probably more strict
An answer from Gemini 2.5 that gives more nuance. I didn't check the details so there might be errors:
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In-Depth Look at the Differences:
Governance and Sanctions: While the ITA conducts the tests for both, the body that manages the results and imposes sanctions differs. For the Tour de France, this responsibility lies with the UCI. At the Summer Olympics, to ensure independence and a streamlined process during the short period of the Games, the IOC has delegated the hearing of doping cases to the CAS Ad Hoc Division. This means that athletes at the Olympics have their cases heard and ruled upon by a specialized court on-site.
Testing Strategy and Scope: The Tour de France's anti-doping strategy is highly focused on the specific demands of endurance cycling. The heavy emphasis on pre-competition testing is a direct response to the historical prevalence of doping in the sport, aiming to ensure riders start the race clean. The daily, predictable testing of the race leader is a unique feature of the Tour.
In contrast, the Summer Olympics presents a far more complex logistical challenge, with thousands of athletes from hundreds of countries competing in a wide array of sports. The testing strategy is therefore broader, with a significant pre-Games testing effort across multiple sports and a wide net cast during the Games to ensure a level playing field across all disciplines.
Technological Innovations: The introduction of Dried Blood Spot (DBS) testing at the Olympics marks a significant advancement in anti-doping. This method is less invasive than traditional venous blood draws and simplifies the transportation and storage of samples. While the UCI and ITA are constantly evolving their methods, the prominent use of DBS has been a feature of recent Olympic Games.
In conclusion, while the fight against doping in both the Tour de France and the Summer Olympics is guided by the same international standards, the operational and strategic nuances reflect the unique characteristics of a three-week-long single-sport endurance event versus a multi-sport global spectacle. The governance structure for sanctions, the specific focus of testing strategies, and the adoption of new technologies are the primary areas where these two iconic sporting events diverge in their approach to ensuring clean competition.
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So there are differences in who controls and sanctions the test results, differences in when tests are performed (less predictable for olympics) and the olympics seems to adopt the more advanced tech more rapidly.
If you take already measured risks by using doping in UCI controlled sports events, you better stay away from the olympics. So, in my opinion, the uncertainty is the main reason Pogacar did not go to the olympics.