Of course, there are no perfect solutions. My suggestion of having a team be selected at random - to give teams that wouldn't normally be selected a chance - could mean that a team that wouldn't really show much. (Of course, teams that have no interest in racing should be allowed to simply opt-out of the selection-pool).
However, a team being invited, but not showing much/anything can also happen with the more traditional Wildcard system; teams being invited 100% according to the organiser's wishes. Remember last year, when ASO got some critique for inviting B&B, which then went on to be basically invissible?
This is the problem, at the moment the ProTeam level has been starved of riders at a level to be much more than break fodder, save for those teams who are WT teams in all but official status, like Lotto and IPT. Those teams can't attract any real prospects because they wouldn't have any support, and if they can't guarantee invites they aren't going to attract any current stars either, just perpetuating them as there to make the numbers up with the rest of the sport being a locked Premier League type level.
Look back at, say, 2009. Even ignoring Cervélo Test Team, who were also a ProTour team in all but name with the guys like Sastre, Hushovd, Haussler et al... you have:
- Acqua e Sapone have a genuine threat to win major classics especially in Italy in Luca Paolini, and a secondary GC contender and former Giro winner in Stefano Garzelli who finishes on the podium of Tirreno-Adriatico and in the top 10 + KOM at the Giro
- Agritubel have a sprinter who challenges in smaller races in Romain Feillu, and a veteran former GC man in Christophe Moreau
- Barloworld have a former Tour KOM in Juan Mauricio Soler and a Tour stage-winning sprinter in Robbie Hunter plus a former Vuelta stage winner and KOM in Félix Cardenas
- CSF despite being quarantined for the 2008 Giro antics have a former Giro top 10 in Domenico Pozzovivo and a guy who has just podiumed several late season Italian classics and semi-classics in Mauro Finetto
- ISD-NERI have Dario Cioni who was once on the podium of the Tour de Suisse and 4th in the Giro, and Giovanni Visconti who wore the maglia rosa for a week and threatens a wide range of classics and semi-classics, being one of Italy's most prominent riders at the time
- Landbouwkrediet have Bert de Waele who is consistently in the top 10 in classics across a broad spectrum from flat races to the Ardennes and has won a number of semi-classics and smaller one-dayers
- LPR Brakes have a recent Giro winner and major hilly classics threat in Danilo di Luca, and an elite sprinter in Alessandro Petacchi
- Diquigiovanni have Davide Rebellin, veteran superstar of the hilly classics having an (enhanced) Indian summer, the Tirreno-Adriatico winner (and future Giro winner of course) in Michele Scarponi, and a former two-time Giro winner in Gilberto Simoni
- Skil-Shimano have a sprinter who wins and podiums several of the semi-classics in Kenny van Hummel
- Vacansoleil have a sprinter who wins stages of the Vuelta and Tour de Pologne in Borut Božič, a significant classics threat in Björn Leukemans, and a former maillot vert in Baden Cooke, plus a strong supporting cast with Johnny Hoogerland, Matteo Carrara and Marco Marcato among others
- Xacobeo-Galicia have a significant GC threat with Ezequiel Mosquera
Hell, even lesser teams like Andalucía-CajaSur have riders who can present a threat, like Xavier Tondó, and PSK Whirlpool have Patrik Sinkewitz and Danilo Hondo. The highest-ranked rider on CQ on a ProConti team is Thor Hushovd in 14th, but even if we discount Cervélo Test Team you have Garzelli 25th, Petacchi 26th, Visconti 33rd, Rebellin 44th (and remember he could only score until the end of April when he got suspended), Paolini 47th, Božič 51st, Hoogerland 52nd, Feillu 53rd, Tondó 54th, Lelay 56th, Scarponi 57th, Mosquera 64th, van Hummel 69th, Caruso 85th, de Waele 87th, Carrara 88th, and Bertagnolli 97th, plus Jimmy Casper 61st on a Continental team (Bessons Chaussures, who would later become Saur-Sojasun), likewise Rubén Plaza 67th (on Liberty Seguros Continental) and Grega Bole 78th (on Adria Mobil). That is - excluding the best team at that level - 17 Pro Conti riders and 3 Conti riders in the top 100. Including Cervélo, you can add a further five (Hushovd 14th, Haussler 16th, Gerrans 41st, Sastre 63rd and Hammond 92nd. And remember, this is with all of Danilo di Luca's points from the Giro and afterward expunged from the record. With two stage wins, the points jersey, 2nd on GC and countless other high placements, he would have easily been there too.
The number of ProTeams have reduced considerably, and the quality of them have dropped pretty significantly, especially with the promotion of Alpecin and Arkéa, two of the only ones that fit into the mould of the generation I mention above. Arkéa's 2022 team with Quintana is a perfect example of that older style of ProConti, a veteran GC hand who has worn out his welcome at the top level but still has name value. It's why IPT don't need to be WT and would actually be better served not being there - with almost all their top names being the wrong side of 35, focusing on being competitive at a smaller number of races where they can hit good form rather than having to make up numbers at all the WT races will be better. I guess you could argue TotalEnergies too, since Sagan fills that mould for one day races too, although his drop-off has been more considerable than might have been expected. But back in 2009, apart from a couple like Team Vorarlberg, pre-Evans BMC and Amica Chips-Knauf, there are no 'passenger' wildcard teams. Nowadays you look at the ProTeam level and the majority of the teams there are like that. On the 2023 CQ Rankings (and I appreciate the season is still ongoing so is incomplete data), at time of writing, ProTeam riders in the top 100 are:
- Arnaud de Lie 17th (on a team with guaranteed invite to WT races)
- Michael Woods 48th (on a team with guaranteed invite to WT races)
- Milan Menten 54th (on a team with guaranteed invite to WT races)
- Henok Mulubrhan 57th
- Søren Wærenskjold 60th
- Caleb Ewan 62nd (on a team with guaranteed invite to WT races)
- Florian Vermeersch 63rd (on a team with guaranteed invite to WT races)
- Rasmus Tiller 78th
- Derek Gee 80th (on a team with guaranteed invite to WT races)
- Alexander Kristoff 88th
There's also Miguel Ángel López in 82nd as the only Conti rider there.
So from 22 total in 2009 it's down to 10 - and if you take out the two teams who are in effect WT teams in all but name because they have automatic invites, there's... four. Three of whom are on the same team. And crucially, they're mainly below 50th too. The lack of variety in invites really shows as well - the 22 riders in 2009 are across 10 teams. The 10 riders in 2023 are across 4.
The falling away of the domestic calendars as a product of the financial crisis cannot be underestimated as a factor, of course, but those domestic calendars rely on a strong second tier and access to the elite teams from their area to survive, so the withering away of the lower levels really hurts those races - and those are also some of the most important races for developing riders to compete at too.
Of course, those teams also used to rely pretty heavily on getting hold of young talents before they made it to the top tier, whereas recent success stories from riders hitting the ground running has led the WT teams to pursue riders straight from juniors or espoirs. And of course the lack of significant level riders coming off doping bans - if you look at those top names on ProContis in 2009, there's a good few coming off suspensions, like Sinkewitz, Petacchi and Scarponi, riding under a cloud like Rebellin, or with previous history like di Luca.