veganrob said:
Has UCI ever actually shown a video of how their ipads are supposed to work. I mean showing a clean bike and then one with a motor in it. I don't recall. Only the stupid video of someone waving their ipad over the bike or in the detention tent which shows nothing.
The iPad sensor is a three-axis Hall sensor. A hall sensor detects magnets by passing current through a wire. In a magnetic field, electrons will be pushed to one side of the wire due to fairly simple physics. When that happens, a voltage is created between the side with lots of electrons and the side that has none. Knowing the current in the wire and the voltage across its sides lets you calculate the magnetic field strength. Put three of these Hall sensors in a package and you can measure the magnetic field strength and direction. BTW, Apple uses the AK8973 and AK8974 sensors if you want to look up the specs.
This is all fine and dandy and there are a billion apps out there that will do this for you. Ex:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/magnetmeter-3d-vector-magnetometer-accelmeter/id346516607?mt=8
So you can locate magnets. Cool. So can you locate a magnet on a bike? Yes, in certain conditions. First, you need to calibrate your iPad. Place it somewhere there's no magnetic fields, metals, etc. This gives us the baseline magnetic field, which can be subtracted out. Zeroed,if you will. Next, you need to get fairly close to the magnet, since the field drops off quite quickly. For example, a 1 inch Neodynium magnet from 1 inch away has a field of about 50 mT. At three inches, it's about 1mT. At 5 inches, it's roughly 0.3 mT.
Okay, so can the iPad work? This guy tested the limits of the iPad to see if he could turn it into a metal detector. From his data, it looks like the resolution of the sensor is ~0.2 mT if it's been properly calibrated and is being held still. So that being said, I'd approximate that you'd have to be not moving and closer than 6 inches to find a bike motor.
http://www.byteworks.us/Byte_Works/Blog/Entries/2011/11/30_Using_techBASIC_to_Turn_Your_iPhone_or_iPad_into_a_Metal_Detector.html
BTW, you need to be still because moving a Hall sensor in a field will add lots of noise.
So, is this what we see when the UCI guys check the bikes? Not really, no. They are mostly closer than 6 inches, but are waving the thing around. I also have no idea if they've been calibrated. Other problems include:
- Are individual iPads calibrated with an external source to ensure accuracy?
- Who provides the UCI with training on how to use them?
- If a race like the Tour has 180 riders, that means there's likely in excess of 300 bikes at the race. Even at 1 minute per bike, that's five man-hours of testing. Do they really do that?
- Given the size of derailleurs, it's almost certain that electronic shifting is done with a magnetic linear actuator.
- That means that every bike with electronic shifting has very strong magnets near the bottom bracket and rear hub - the exact place motors are supposed to be!!
- How does the UCI determine if a bike with electronic shifting has a motor?
- I wonder if the UCI knows about reluctance motors? They don't have magnets at all...
And so on...
John Swanson