Do you think it's just simple transfusions?*I’ve asked in the Clinic recently what is being used to achieve the levels we are seeing. The general consensus still seems to be oxygen vector doping - blood manipulation. I don’t believe they are using a new drug or substance. Any such drug or substance would be susceptible to detection and also possible retrospective testing.
With 02-vector doping, that would be the only viable method since the detection window of EPO microdosing has now been extended to ~12 hours. So the days of injecting during the nighttime hours (10:00 pm - 6:00 am) where WADA can't test is long gone.
And if it's not biological doping then perhaps it would have to be some technologically advanced mechanical enhancements?